Experimental tests of the gravitational inverse-square law for mass separations from 2 to 105 cm

J. K. Hoskins, R. D. Newman, R. Spero, and J. Schultz
Phys. Rev. D 32, 3084 – Published 15 December 1985
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Abstract

We report two experiments which test the inverse-square distance dependence of the Newtonian gravitational force law. One experiment uses a torsion balance consisting of a 60-cm-long copper bar suspended at its midpoint by a tungsten wire, to compare the torque produced by copper masses 105 cm from the balance axis with the torque produced by a copper mass 5 cm from the side of the balance bar, near its end. Defining Rexpt to be the measured ratio of the torques due to the masses at 105 cm and 5 cm, and RNewton to be the corresponding ratio computed assuming an inverse-square force law, we find δ≡(Rexpt/RNewton-1)=(1.2 ±7)×104. Assuming a force deviating from an inverse-square distance dependence by a factor [1+ε lnr(cm)], this result implies ε=(0.5 ±2.7)×104. An earlier experiment, which has been reported previously, is described here in detail. This experiment tested the inverse-square law over a distance range of approximately 2 to 5 cm, by probing the gravitational field inside a steel mass tube using a copper test mass suspended from the end of a torsion balance bar. This experiment yielded a value for the parameter ε defined above: ε=(1±7)×105. The results of both of these experiments are in good agreement with the Newton- ian prediction. Limits on the strength and range of a Yukawa potential term superimposed on the Newtonian gravitational potential are discussed.

  • Received 23 July 1985

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.32.3084

©1985 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

J. K. Hoskins, R. D. Newman, R. Spero, and J. Schultz

  • Department of Physics, University of California, Irvine, California 92717

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Issue

Vol. 32, Iss. 12 — 15 December 1985

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