Under negative torsion, DNA adopts left-handed helical forms, such as Z-DNA and L-DNA. Using the random copolymer model developed for a wormlike chain, we represent a single DNA molecule with structural heterogeneity as a helical chain consisting of monomers which can be characterized by different helical senses and pitches. By Monte Carlo simulation, where we take into account bending and twist fluctuations explicitly, we study sequence dependence of B-Z transitions under torsional stress and tension focusing on the interaction with B-L transitions. We consider core sequences, ${\left(\mathrm{GC}\right)}_n$ repeats or ${\left(\mathrm{TG}\right)}_n$ repeats, which can interconvert between the right-handed B form and the left-handed Z form, imbedded in a random sequence, which can convert to left-handed L form with different (tension dependent) helical pitch. We show that Z-DNA formation from the ${\left(\mathrm{GC}\right)}_n$ sequence is always supported by unwinding torsional stress but Z-DNA formation from the ${\left(\mathrm{TG}\right)}_n$ sequence, which are more costly to convert but numerous, can be strongly influenced by the quenched disorder in the surrounding random sequence.

• Received 7 June 2015
• Revised 1 December 2015

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.93.022411