Figure 1

(a) Initial atom density profile of system $A$, along $r=0$. (b) Density profile and $x$ dependence of harmonic potential energy (dotted line) immediately after trap displacement.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 2

(a) $⟨x⟩$ versus $t$ for system $A$ with $\Delta x=10\mu \mathrm{m}$. Insets: grey-scale plots of density ($\mathrm{\text{black}}=\mathrm{\text{high}}$) in the $x\mathrm{\text{−}}r$ plane (axes inset) at $t=10.7\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}$ (left) and 21.3 ms (right). (b) Grey-scale plot: $|f(k_x,t){|}^2$ ($\mathrm{\text{white}}=0$, $\mathrm{\text{black}}=\mathrm{\text{high}}$) for system $A$ with $\Delta x=10\mu \mathrm{m}$. Open circles: points on semiclassical trajectory $k_x(t)$. (c) Solid curve: $⟨x⟩$ versus $t$ for system $A$ with $\Delta x=25\mu \mathrm{m}$. The arrow marks the first turning point. Dashed curve: semiclassical orbit $x(t)$. (d) Same as (b), but for $\Delta x=25\mu \mathrm{m}$. (e) $⟨x⟩$ versus $t$ for system $B$ with $\Delta x=150\mu \mathrm{m}$. Insets: grey-scale plots of density ($\mathrm{\text{black}}=\mathrm{\text{high}}$) in the $x\mathrm{\text{−}}r$ plane at $t=13.8\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}$ (top) and 18 ms (middle). The lower inset shows an enlargement of the boxed region in the upper inset. (f) Same as (b), but for system $B$ with $\Delta x=150\mu \mathrm{m}$ and omitting the $k_x(t)$ curve which, for $t\lesssim 13\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}$, is indistinguishable from the narrow Fourier distribution.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 3

Grey-scale plots of density ($\mathrm{\text{white}}=0$, $\mathrm{\text{black}}=\mathrm{\text{high}}$) in the $x\mathrm{\text{−}}r$ plane (axes inset) for system $A$ with $\Delta x=25\mu \mathrm{m}$ and $t=0\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}$ (a), 7.8 ms (b), 10.9 ms (c). Vertical dotted lines indicate $x=0$ in each case. The horizontal bar shows scale. The cross in (b) marks the center of a soliton. The region within the dashed box in (c) is shown in Fig. 5a.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 4

Lower curves: density profiles along $r=0$ for the condensate in system $A$ with $\Delta x=25\mu \mathrm{m}$ and $t=2\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}$ (a), 2.6 ms (b), 3 ms (c). Upper curves show $\varphi (x)$ modulo $2\pi$, with vertical scale indicated by bars of length $\pi$.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 5

(a) Grey-scale plot of density for system $A$ within the dashed box in Fig. 3c ($\mathrm{\text{white}}=0$, $\mathrm{\text{black}}=\mathrm{\text{high}}$). Arrows show the direction of circulation around vortices. (b) Grey-scale plot of $\varphi$ ($\mathrm{\text{white}}=0$, $\mathrm{\text{black}}=2\pi$).Reuse & Permissions