El relato de la transfiguración. Cristología alta y monoteísmo en Marcos
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jun 23, 2021
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Resumen
La búsqueda de un nuevo consenso en la cristología marcana choca con la opinión exegética que sostiene que el Evangelio de Marcos escaparía a la pretensión de una cristología alta. Además, el nuevo consenso fracasa con la opinión de que el Jesús histórico no habría asumido una identidad divina en el contexto monoteísta judío. El artículo, en contra de esta posición y asumiendo la opinión de J. Neusner, sostendrá que el angelomórfismo describe una categoría histórico-cultural que aporta elementos significativos para mostrar relatos de sujetos que se manifiestan en forma de seres humanos o de seres humanos que llegan a ser ángeles. Así, el relato de la transfiguración asume materiales que proceden de un tipo de judaísmo marginal de la Palestina del siglo II a. C. al I d. C., que posee categorías escatológicas dualista, visionaria y del envío de profetas angelomórficos. En continuidad con este judaísmo visionario, el relato de Mc 9,3-11 registra una experiencia visionaria de Jesús y los apóstoles, se discute que la fórmula w;fqh está en función de mostrar una experiencia celeste con Elías y Moisés, en la cual la identidad de Jesús es revelada por el Padre como el Hijo amado, como sumo sacerdote adámico, superior a las figuras angelomórficas de Moisés y Elías, lo cual es coherente con diversos relatos del Hijo del Hombre marcano. El relato muestra, en continuidad con estos antecedentes judíos, que la figura del Hijo del Hombre asume funciones escatológicas aplicadas a Yahveh y en discontinuidad con aquellas expresa que la autoridad del Hijo del Hombre está ya en su condición terrena por sobre las figuras de Elías y Moisés y de los ángeles y demonios, y sometido al Padre.
Keywords
Cristología alta, escatología, profeta, transfiguración, mística, angelomorfismo, resurrección, parusía, Hijo, Hijo del hombreHigh Christology, Eschatology, prophet, transfiguration, mystic, Angelomorphism, Resurrection, parusia, Son, Son of man
References
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Bauckham, Richard. God Crucified. Monotheism and Christology in the New Testament. Carlisle (U. K): Paternoster, 1998.
_____. Jesus and God of Israel. God Crucified and Other Studies on the New Testament’s Christology of Divine Identity. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2008.
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Berger, Klaus. Formgeschichte des Neuen Testaments. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer, 1984.
_____. Theologiegeschichte des Urchristentums (2nd.ed.). Tübingen: Francke Verlag, 1995.
Boccaccini, Gabriele. I Giudaismi del Secondo Tempio. Da Ezejiele a Daniele. Brescia: Morcelliana, 2008.
Bultmann, Rudolp. Historia de la tradición sinóptica (10.ª ed.). Salamanca: Sígueme, 2000.
Carbullanca César. “Arrebato”. En Gran diccionario enciclopédico de la Biblia, editado por A. Ropero, 215-221. Madrid: Clie, 2013.
_____. “Cristología del Evangelio de Marcos”. Theológica Xaveriana 67/184 (2017): 333-359.
_____. “Muerte de Cristo en el Evangelio de Marcos. Estudio de varias tradiciones del martirio”. Gregorianum 100/3 (2019): 463-485.
_____. “Orígenes de la cristología del cuarto Evangelio. Un estudio a partir de la tradición de 11QMelquisedec”. Teología y vida 50 (2009): 517-547.
_____. The Emergence of Suffering Self. A Study about Lists and Social Structures in the Antiquity”. Franciscanum 59/167 (2017): 247-275.
Casey Maurice. From Jewish Prophet to Gentile God. Cambridge: James Clark & Co., 1991.
_____. “Lord Jesus Christ: A Response to Professor Hurtado”. JSNT 27/1 (2004): 83-96.
Catchpole, David. “The Angelic Son of Man in Luke 12:8”. NovT 24 (1982): 255-265.
Chester, Andrew. “High Christology–Whence, When and Why?” Early Christianity 2 (2011): 22-50.
_____. Messiah and Exaltation. Jewish Messianic and Visionary Traditions and New Testament Christology. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2007.
Collins, Adela. Y. Mark. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 2007.
Davis, P. G. “Divine agents, mediators, and New Testament Christology”. The Journal of Theological Studies 45 (1994): 1-13.
Dibelius, Martin. Die Formgeschichte des Evangeliums. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1961.
Dunn, James. Christology in the Making. A New Testament Inquiry into the Origins of the Doctrine of the Incarnation. Philadelphia (PA): Westminster Press, 1980.
_____. “Messianic Ideas and Their Influence on the Jesus of History”. En The Messiah. Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity, editado por J. Charlesworth, 37-71. Minneapolis (MN): Minneapolis Press, 2010.
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Fletcher-Louis, Crispin. “A New Explanation of Christological Origins. A Review of the Work of Larry Hurtado”. Tyndale Bulletin 60/2 (2009): 161-205.
_____. “Jesus as the High Priestly Messiah: Part 1”. Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus 4/2 (2006): 155-175.
_____. Jesus Monotheism. Vol. 1: Christological Origins: The Emerging Consensus and Beyond. Eugene (OR): Cascade Books, 2015.
_____. Luke-Acts: Angels, Christology and Soteriology. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1997.
France Raymond. T. “Development in New Testament Christology”. Temelios 18 (1992): 4-9.
_____. The Gospel of Mark, A Commentary on the Greek Text. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2002.
Gathercole, Simon J. The Pre-existent Son: Recovering the Christologies of Matthew, Mark and Luke. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2006.
Gieschen, Charles. Angelomorphic Christology. Antecedents & Early Evidence. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
Gnilka, Joaquin. El Evangelio de Marcos. Vol. II. Salamanca: Sígueme, 1999.
Grundmann, Walter. Das Evangelium nach Markus. Berlín: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, 1980.
Hayes, John. “The Resurrection as Enthronement and the Earliest Church Christology”. Interpretation 22/3 (1968): 333-345.
Heil, John P. The Transfiguration of Jesus: Narrative Meaning and Function of Mark 9:2-8, Matt 17:1-8 and Luke 9:28-36. Roma: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 2000.
Hengel Martin. “Christological Titles in Early Christianity”. En The Messiah. Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity, editado por J. H. Charlesworth, 425-448. Minneapolis (MN): Fortresss Press, 2010.
Holzmeister, Ulrich. “Einzeluntersuchungen über das Geheimnis der Verkllärung Christi”. Bib 21 (1940): 200-210.
Horsley, Richard. “Jesus-in-context: A Relational Approach”. En Handbook for the Study of the Historical Jesus, editado por Tom Holemn y Stanley Porter, 207-239. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2001.
Hurtado, Larry. ‘“Early High Christology’: A Recent Assessment of Scholarly Debate”. Larry Hurtado’s Blog, https://larryhurtado.wordpress.com/2012/12/11/earlyhigh-christology-a-recent-assessment-of-scholarly-debate (consultado el 29 de
mayo de 2021).
_____. “Fashions, Fallacies and Future Prospects in New Testament Studies”. Journal for the Study of the New Testament 36/4 (2014): 1-26.
_____. God in the New Testament. Nashville (TN): Abingdon Press, 2010
_____. How on Earth did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2005.
_____. One God, One Lord. Early Christian Devotion and Ancient Jewish Monotheism (2nd ed.). Edimburg: T &T Clark, 1998.
_____. Señor Jesucristo. La devoción a Jesús en el cristianismo primitivo. Salamanca: Sígueme, 2008.
Jeremias, Joaquim. Theology of New Testament. London: SCM Press, 1971.
Johansson, Daniel. “Jesus and God in the Gospel of Mark: Unity and Distinction”. A thesis presented for the degree of PhD at the University of Edinburgh, 2011.
Kirk, J. R. Daniel A Man Attested by God: The Human Jesus of the Synoptic Gospels. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2016.
_____. “Daniel. Mark’s Son of Man and Paul’s Second of Adam”. Horizons in Biblical Theology 37 (2015): 170-195.
Koch, Klaus. “Questions Regarding the So-called Son of Man in the Parables of Enoch: A Response to Sabino Chiala and Helge Kvanvig”. En Enoch and the Messiah Son of Man, editado por G. Boccaccini, 236-237. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmanns Publishing Company, 2007.
Kok, Michael. “Marking a Difference: The Gospel of Mark and the ‘Early High Christology’ Paradigm”. JMJS 3 (2016): 102-124.
Kremer, Jacob. “ovra,w”. En Diccionario exegético del Nuevo Testamento, editado por Horst Balz y Gerhard Schneider, II, 581-588. Salamanca: Sígueme, 1998.
Kvanvig, Helge. “The Son of Man in the Parables of Enoch”. En Enoch and the Messiah Son of Man, editado por G. Boccaccini, 214-215. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmanns Publishing Company, 2007.
Loader, W. R. “The Apocalyptic Model of Sonship: Its Origin and Development in New Testament Tradition”. JBL 97/4 (1978): 525-554.
Lohmeyer, Eduard. “Die Verklärung Jesu nach dem Markus-evangelium”. ZNW 21 (1922): 185-215.
Marcus, Joel. El Evangelio de Marcos (Mc 8-16). Salamanca: Sígueme, 2011.
_____. Mark 1-8. A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. New Haven & London: Doubleday & Co., 2002.
_____. Mark 8-16. A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. New Haven & London: Doubleday & Co., 2009.
Michaelis, Wilhelm. “ovra,w”. En Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, editado por G. Kittel y G. Friedrich V, 814-823. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1967.
Müller Ulrich. “Die Christologische Absicht des Markusevangeliums und die Verklärungsgeschichte”. Zeitschrift für die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 64 (1973): 60-61.
Naizer, Eric R. “Adam, Humanity, and Angels: Early Jewish Conceptions of the Elect and Humankind Based on Genesis 1-3”. Doctoral Dissertation. The Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, 2013.
Neusner, Jacob. The Judaism the Rabbis Take for Granted. Atlanta (GA): Scholars Press, 1994.
Öhler, Marcus. “Die Verklarung (Mk 9,1-8): Die Ankunft der Herrschaft gotters auf der erde”. Novum Testamentum XXXVIII/3 (1996): 197-217.
Orlov, Andrew. “Moses’ Heavenly Counterpart in the Book of Jubilees and the Exagoge of Ezekiel the Tragedian”. Biblica 88/2 (2007): 153-173.
Parkman, Joel W. “Adam Christological Motifs in the Synoptic Traditions”. Thesis (PhD.), Baylor University, Waco (TX), 1994.
Perrin, Nicholas. “Jesus as Priest in the Gospels”. SBJT 22/2 (2018): 81-99.
Perrin, Norman. Rediscovering the Teaching of Jesus. New York (NY): Harper & Row Publishers, 1976.
Pesch, Rudolp. Das markusevangelium. Vols. I-II. Freiburg: Herder, 1976-1977.
_____. “La genese de la foi en la resurrection de Jésus”. En La Paque du Christ Mystere de salut, editado por M. Benerat, A. Schmid y J. Guillet, 51-74. Paris: Les Editions du Cerf, 1982.
_____. “Zur entstehung des Glaubens an die Auferstehungen Jesu. Ein Vorschlag zur Diskussion”. ThQ 153 (1973): 201-228.
Pesch R. y R. Schnackenburg (eds.) Jesus und der Menschensohn. Freiburg: Herder, 1975.
Robinson, John A. T. “The Most Primitive Christology of All?” The Journal of Theological Studies 7/2 (1956): 177-189.
Rowland, Christopher. The Open Heaven: A Study of Apocalyptic in Judaism, and Early Christianity. New York (NY): Crossroad, 1982.
Rowland, Christopher, y Christopher R. A. Morray-Jones. The Mystery of God. Early Jewish and the New Testament. Leiden: Brill, 2009.
Sacchi, Paolo. La historia del judaísmo en la época del segundo Templo. Madrid: Trotta, 2004.
Schiavo Luigi. Anjos e Messias. Mesianismo judaicos e origen da cristología. Sao Paulo: Paulinas, 2006.
Schmithals, Walter. “Der Markusschluß, die Verklarungsgeschichte und die Aussendung der Zwölf”. ZThK 69 (1972): 379-411.
Schweizer, Eduard. Das evangelium Markus. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1968.
_____. “The Son of Man”. Journal of Biblical Literature 79/2 (1960): 119-129.
Segal, Alan. Two Powers in Heaven: Early Rabbinic Reports about Christianity and Gnosticism. Leiden: Brill, 1977.
Smith, Morton. “Two Ascended to Heaven—Jesus and the Author of 4Q491c”. En Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls, editado por J. Charlesworth, 290-301. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
Steenburg, D. “The Worship of Adam and Christ as Imagen of God”. JSNT 39 (1990): 479-505.
Strecker, George. Theology of the New Testament. New York-Berlin: Wesminster John Knox Press, 2000.
Sullivan, K. Wrestling with Angels. A Study of the Relationship between Angels and Humans in Ancient Jewish Literature and the New Testament. Boston-Leiden: Brill, 2004.
Talbert, Charles H. “The Problem of Pre-Existence in Philippians 2:6-11”. Journal of Biblical Literature 86/2 (1967): 141-153.
Taylor, Vincent. El Evangelio de Marcos. Madrid: Cristiandad, 1979.
Tuschling, Ruth M. Angels and Orthodoy. A Study in their Development in Syria and Palestine from Qumran Texts to Ephrem the Syrian. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2007.
Theissen Gerd. A Theory of Primitive Christian Religion. London: SCM Press, 1999.
_____. El Jesús histórico. Sígueme: Salamanca, 2000.
Bauckham, Richard. God Crucified. Monotheism and Christology in the New Testament. Carlisle (U. K): Paternoster, 1998.
_____. Jesus and God of Israel. God Crucified and Other Studies on the New Testament’s Christology of Divine Identity. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2008.
_____. “Monotheism and Christology in the Gospel of John”. En Contours of Christology in the New Testament, editado por R. N. Longenecker, 148-166. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2005.
_____. “Paul’s Christology of Divine Identity”. The NTS Library, http://www.ntslibrary.com/Pauls%20Christology%20of%20Divine%20Identity.pdf (consultado el 29 de mayo de 2021).
Berger, Klaus. Formgeschichte des Neuen Testaments. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer, 1984.
_____. Theologiegeschichte des Urchristentums (2nd.ed.). Tübingen: Francke Verlag, 1995.
Boccaccini, Gabriele. I Giudaismi del Secondo Tempio. Da Ezejiele a Daniele. Brescia: Morcelliana, 2008.
Bultmann, Rudolp. Historia de la tradición sinóptica (10.ª ed.). Salamanca: Sígueme, 2000.
Carbullanca César. “Arrebato”. En Gran diccionario enciclopédico de la Biblia, editado por A. Ropero, 215-221. Madrid: Clie, 2013.
_____. “Cristología del Evangelio de Marcos”. Theológica Xaveriana 67/184 (2017): 333-359.
_____. “Muerte de Cristo en el Evangelio de Marcos. Estudio de varias tradiciones del martirio”. Gregorianum 100/3 (2019): 463-485.
_____. “Orígenes de la cristología del cuarto Evangelio. Un estudio a partir de la tradición de 11QMelquisedec”. Teología y vida 50 (2009): 517-547.
_____. The Emergence of Suffering Self. A Study about Lists and Social Structures in the Antiquity”. Franciscanum 59/167 (2017): 247-275.
Casey Maurice. From Jewish Prophet to Gentile God. Cambridge: James Clark & Co., 1991.
_____. “Lord Jesus Christ: A Response to Professor Hurtado”. JSNT 27/1 (2004): 83-96.
Catchpole, David. “The Angelic Son of Man in Luke 12:8”. NovT 24 (1982): 255-265.
Chester, Andrew. “High Christology–Whence, When and Why?” Early Christianity 2 (2011): 22-50.
_____. Messiah and Exaltation. Jewish Messianic and Visionary Traditions and New Testament Christology. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2007.
Collins, Adela. Y. Mark. Minneapolis (MN): Fortress Press, 2007.
Davis, P. G. “Divine agents, mediators, and New Testament Christology”. The Journal of Theological Studies 45 (1994): 1-13.
Dibelius, Martin. Die Formgeschichte des Evangeliums. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1961.
Dunn, James. Christology in the Making. A New Testament Inquiry into the Origins of the Doctrine of the Incarnation. Philadelphia (PA): Westminster Press, 1980.
_____. “Messianic Ideas and Their Influence on the Jesus of History”. En The Messiah. Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity, editado por J. Charlesworth, 37-71. Minneapolis (MN): Minneapolis Press, 2010.
Elior, Rachel. The Three Temples: On the Emergence of Jewish Mysticism. Oxford: The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2004.
Fletcher-Louis, Crispin. “A New Explanation of Christological Origins. A Review of the Work of Larry Hurtado”. Tyndale Bulletin 60/2 (2009): 161-205.
_____. “Jesus as the High Priestly Messiah: Part 1”. Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus 4/2 (2006): 155-175.
_____. Jesus Monotheism. Vol. 1: Christological Origins: The Emerging Consensus and Beyond. Eugene (OR): Cascade Books, 2015.
_____. Luke-Acts: Angels, Christology and Soteriology. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1997.
France Raymond. T. “Development in New Testament Christology”. Temelios 18 (1992): 4-9.
_____. The Gospel of Mark, A Commentary on the Greek Text. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2002.
Gathercole, Simon J. The Pre-existent Son: Recovering the Christologies of Matthew, Mark and Luke. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2006.
Gieschen, Charles. Angelomorphic Christology. Antecedents & Early Evidence. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
Gnilka, Joaquin. El Evangelio de Marcos. Vol. II. Salamanca: Sígueme, 1999.
Grundmann, Walter. Das Evangelium nach Markus. Berlín: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, 1980.
Hayes, John. “The Resurrection as Enthronement and the Earliest Church Christology”. Interpretation 22/3 (1968): 333-345.
Heil, John P. The Transfiguration of Jesus: Narrative Meaning and Function of Mark 9:2-8, Matt 17:1-8 and Luke 9:28-36. Roma: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 2000.
Hengel Martin. “Christological Titles in Early Christianity”. En The Messiah. Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity, editado por J. H. Charlesworth, 425-448. Minneapolis (MN): Fortresss Press, 2010.
Holzmeister, Ulrich. “Einzeluntersuchungen über das Geheimnis der Verkllärung Christi”. Bib 21 (1940): 200-210.
Horsley, Richard. “Jesus-in-context: A Relational Approach”. En Handbook for the Study of the Historical Jesus, editado por Tom Holemn y Stanley Porter, 207-239. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2001.
Hurtado, Larry. ‘“Early High Christology’: A Recent Assessment of Scholarly Debate”. Larry Hurtado’s Blog, https://larryhurtado.wordpress.com/2012/12/11/earlyhigh-christology-a-recent-assessment-of-scholarly-debate (consultado el 29 de
mayo de 2021).
_____. “Fashions, Fallacies and Future Prospects in New Testament Studies”. Journal for the Study of the New Testament 36/4 (2014): 1-26.
_____. God in the New Testament. Nashville (TN): Abingdon Press, 2010
_____. How on Earth did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2005.
_____. One God, One Lord. Early Christian Devotion and Ancient Jewish Monotheism (2nd ed.). Edimburg: T &T Clark, 1998.
_____. Señor Jesucristo. La devoción a Jesús en el cristianismo primitivo. Salamanca: Sígueme, 2008.
Jeremias, Joaquim. Theology of New Testament. London: SCM Press, 1971.
Johansson, Daniel. “Jesus and God in the Gospel of Mark: Unity and Distinction”. A thesis presented for the degree of PhD at the University of Edinburgh, 2011.
Kirk, J. R. Daniel A Man Attested by God: The Human Jesus of the Synoptic Gospels. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2016.
_____. “Daniel. Mark’s Son of Man and Paul’s Second of Adam”. Horizons in Biblical Theology 37 (2015): 170-195.
Koch, Klaus. “Questions Regarding the So-called Son of Man in the Parables of Enoch: A Response to Sabino Chiala and Helge Kvanvig”. En Enoch and the Messiah Son of Man, editado por G. Boccaccini, 236-237. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmanns Publishing Company, 2007.
Kok, Michael. “Marking a Difference: The Gospel of Mark and the ‘Early High Christology’ Paradigm”. JMJS 3 (2016): 102-124.
Kremer, Jacob. “ovra,w”. En Diccionario exegético del Nuevo Testamento, editado por Horst Balz y Gerhard Schneider, II, 581-588. Salamanca: Sígueme, 1998.
Kvanvig, Helge. “The Son of Man in the Parables of Enoch”. En Enoch and the Messiah Son of Man, editado por G. Boccaccini, 214-215. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmanns Publishing Company, 2007.
Loader, W. R. “The Apocalyptic Model of Sonship: Its Origin and Development in New Testament Tradition”. JBL 97/4 (1978): 525-554.
Lohmeyer, Eduard. “Die Verklärung Jesu nach dem Markus-evangelium”. ZNW 21 (1922): 185-215.
Marcus, Joel. El Evangelio de Marcos (Mc 8-16). Salamanca: Sígueme, 2011.
_____. Mark 1-8. A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. New Haven & London: Doubleday & Co., 2002.
_____. Mark 8-16. A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. New Haven & London: Doubleday & Co., 2009.
Michaelis, Wilhelm. “ovra,w”. En Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, editado por G. Kittel y G. Friedrich V, 814-823. Grand Rapids (MI): William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1967.
Müller Ulrich. “Die Christologische Absicht des Markusevangeliums und die Verklärungsgeschichte”. Zeitschrift für die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 64 (1973): 60-61.
Naizer, Eric R. “Adam, Humanity, and Angels: Early Jewish Conceptions of the Elect and Humankind Based on Genesis 1-3”. Doctoral Dissertation. The Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, 2013.
Neusner, Jacob. The Judaism the Rabbis Take for Granted. Atlanta (GA): Scholars Press, 1994.
Öhler, Marcus. “Die Verklarung (Mk 9,1-8): Die Ankunft der Herrschaft gotters auf der erde”. Novum Testamentum XXXVIII/3 (1996): 197-217.
Orlov, Andrew. “Moses’ Heavenly Counterpart in the Book of Jubilees and the Exagoge of Ezekiel the Tragedian”. Biblica 88/2 (2007): 153-173.
Parkman, Joel W. “Adam Christological Motifs in the Synoptic Traditions”. Thesis (PhD.), Baylor University, Waco (TX), 1994.
Perrin, Nicholas. “Jesus as Priest in the Gospels”. SBJT 22/2 (2018): 81-99.
Perrin, Norman. Rediscovering the Teaching of Jesus. New York (NY): Harper & Row Publishers, 1976.
Pesch, Rudolp. Das markusevangelium. Vols. I-II. Freiburg: Herder, 1976-1977.
_____. “La genese de la foi en la resurrection de Jésus”. En La Paque du Christ Mystere de salut, editado por M. Benerat, A. Schmid y J. Guillet, 51-74. Paris: Les Editions du Cerf, 1982.
_____. “Zur entstehung des Glaubens an die Auferstehungen Jesu. Ein Vorschlag zur Diskussion”. ThQ 153 (1973): 201-228.
Pesch R. y R. Schnackenburg (eds.) Jesus und der Menschensohn. Freiburg: Herder, 1975.
Robinson, John A. T. “The Most Primitive Christology of All?” The Journal of Theological Studies 7/2 (1956): 177-189.
Rowland, Christopher. The Open Heaven: A Study of Apocalyptic in Judaism, and Early Christianity. New York (NY): Crossroad, 1982.
Rowland, Christopher, y Christopher R. A. Morray-Jones. The Mystery of God. Early Jewish and the New Testament. Leiden: Brill, 2009.
Sacchi, Paolo. La historia del judaísmo en la época del segundo Templo. Madrid: Trotta, 2004.
Schiavo Luigi. Anjos e Messias. Mesianismo judaicos e origen da cristología. Sao Paulo: Paulinas, 2006.
Schmithals, Walter. “Der Markusschluß, die Verklarungsgeschichte und die Aussendung der Zwölf”. ZThK 69 (1972): 379-411.
Schweizer, Eduard. Das evangelium Markus. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1968.
_____. “The Son of Man”. Journal of Biblical Literature 79/2 (1960): 119-129.
Segal, Alan. Two Powers in Heaven: Early Rabbinic Reports about Christianity and Gnosticism. Leiden: Brill, 1977.
Smith, Morton. “Two Ascended to Heaven—Jesus and the Author of 4Q491c”. En Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls, editado por J. Charlesworth, 290-301. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
Steenburg, D. “The Worship of Adam and Christ as Imagen of God”. JSNT 39 (1990): 479-505.
Strecker, George. Theology of the New Testament. New York-Berlin: Wesminster John Knox Press, 2000.
Sullivan, K. Wrestling with Angels. A Study of the Relationship between Angels and Humans in Ancient Jewish Literature and the New Testament. Boston-Leiden: Brill, 2004.
Talbert, Charles H. “The Problem of Pre-Existence in Philippians 2:6-11”. Journal of Biblical Literature 86/2 (1967): 141-153.
Taylor, Vincent. El Evangelio de Marcos. Madrid: Cristiandad, 1979.
Tuschling, Ruth M. Angels and Orthodoy. A Study in their Development in Syria and Palestine from Qumran Texts to Ephrem the Syrian. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2007.
Theissen Gerd. A Theory of Primitive Christian Religion. London: SCM Press, 1999.
_____. El Jesús histórico. Sígueme: Salamanca, 2000.
Cómo citar
Carbullanca Núñez, C. O. . (2021). El relato de la transfiguración. Cristología alta y monoteísmo en Marcos. Theologica Xaveriana, 71. https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.tx71.rtcamm
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