Phase-sensitive coherence and the classical-quantum boundary in ghost imaging

Baris I. Erkmen; Nicholas D. Hardy; Dheera Venkatraman; Franco N. C. Wong; Jeffrey H. Shapiro

doi:10.1117/12.893151

20 September 2011 Phase-sensitive coherence and the classical-quantum boundary in ghost imaging

Baris I. Erkmen, Nicholas D. Hardy, Dheera Venkatraman, Franco N. C. Wong, Jeffrey H. Shapiro

Proceedings Volume 8122, Tribute to Joseph W. Goodman; 81220M (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.893151
Event: SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2011, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

The theory of partial coherence has a long and storied history in classical statistical optics. The vast majority of this work addresses fields that are statistically stationary in time, hence their complex envelopes only have phase-insensitive correlations. The quantum optics of squeezed-state generation, however, depends on nonlinear interactions producing baseband field operators with phase-insensitive and phase-sensitive correlations. Utilizing quantum light to enhance imaging has been a topic of considerable current interest, much of it involving biphotons, i.e., streams of entangled-photon pairs. Biphotons have been employed for quantum versions of optical coherence tomography, ghost imaging, holography, and lithography. However, their seemingly quantum features have been mimicked with classical-state light, questioning wherein lies the classical-quantum boundary. We have shown, for the case of Gaussian-state light, that this boundary is intimately connected to the theory of phase-sensitive partial coherence. Here we present that theory, contrasting it with the familiar case of phase-insensitive partial coherence, and use it to elucidate the classical-quantum boundary of ghost imaging. We show, both theoretically and experimentally, that classical phase-sensitive light produces ghost images most closely mimicking those obtained with biphotons, and we derive the spatial resolution, image contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio of a standoff-sensing ghost imager, taking into account target-induced speckle.

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Baris I. Erkmen, Nicholas D. Hardy, Dheera Venkatraman, Franco N. C. Wong, and Jeffrey H. Shapiro "Phase-sensitive coherence and the classical-quantum boundary in ghost imaging", Proc. SPIE 8122, Tribute to Joseph W. Goodman, 81220M (20 September 2011); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.893151

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KEYWORDS

Signal to noise ratio

Coherence (optics)

Spatial light modulators

Sensors

Correlation function

Spatial resolution

Target detection

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