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Human Population: The Next Half Century

Science
14 Nov 2003
Vol 302, Issue 5648
pp. 1172-1175

Abstract

By 2050, the human population will probably be larger by 2 to 4 billion people, more slowly growing (declining in the more developed regions), more urban, especially in less developed regions, and older than in the 20th century. Two major demographic uncertainties in the next 50 years concern international migration and the structure of families. Economies, nonhuman environments, and cultures (including values, religions, and politics) strongly influence demographic changes. Hence, human choices, individual and collective, will have demographic effects, intentional or otherwise.

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References and Notes

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J. E. Cohen, How Many People Can the Earth Support? (W. W. Norton, New York, 1995).
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United Nations Population Division, WorldPopulation Prospects: the 2002 Revision, Highlights (online database). ESA/P/WP.180, revised 26 February 2003, p. vi. Available at: http://esa.un.org/unpp/ (consulted 1 to 30 June 2003).
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United Nations Population Division, WorldUrbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision. ESA/P/WP.173. (United Nations, New York, 2002).
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J. Bongaarts, R. A. Bulatao, Eds. BeyondSix Billion: Forecasting the World's Population (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2002).
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J. E. Cohen, in Seismic Shifts: the Economic Impact of Demographic Change, J. S. Little, R. K. Triest, Eds., Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, conference series no. 46, 11 to 13 June 2001 (Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Boston, MA, 2001), pp. 83–113.
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J. E. Cohen, in What the Future Holds: Insights from Social Science, R. N. Cooper, R. Layard, Eds. (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2002), pp. 29–75.
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P. Demeny, Popul. Dev. Rev.29 (no. 1), 1 (2003).
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A. Bachu, Current Population Reports; P23–197 (U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, 1999).
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P. Uhlenberg, in UnitedNations, Department for Economic andSocial Information andPolicy Analysis, 1994. Ageing andthe Family. Proceedings of the United Nations International Conference on Ageing Populations in the Context of the Family, ST/ESA/SER.R/124 (United Nations, New York, 1994), pp. 121–127.
16
I acknowledge with thanks the support of U.S. National Science Foundation grant DEB 9981552, the assistance of K. Rogerson, and the hospitality of Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Golden during this work.

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Science
Volume 302 | Issue 5648
14 November 2003

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Published in print: 14 November 2003

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www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/302/5648/1172/DC2

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Joel E. Cohen
Rockefeller University and Columbia University, 1230 New York Avenue, Box20, New York, NY 10021, USA.

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