Anomeric effect and theoretical vibrational spectra compared to the experiment in 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane-2-oxide, -sulfide, and -selenide. I. Anomeric effect and structures

Abstract

2-Chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane-2-oxide, -sulfide, and -selenide are studied at the DFT/B3LYP level and several ab initio methods using a 6-311G** basis set. Our energy optimizations by all these methods show that for oxide DFT and ab initio methods are not much different, while for the sulfide and the selenide the DFT relative energies are higher by about a kcal/mol as compared to those of MP2, MP3, MP4(SDTQ)//MP2, and CCSD(T)//MP2 (//MP2 indicates that a single-point calculation based on the MP2 optimized geometry is performed). However, regardless of rather large relative energies, that does not change the fact that in all three cases the conformational equilibrium mixture contains more than 95% of the lowest, chair-equatorial conformer (this indicates that the P=X bond is in equatorial position). This one and the next higher conformer (chair-axial) are confirmed to be real conformers (energy minima) in all cases. The energetically much higher twist and boat forms are probably just stationary states and local maxima because in many cases, geometry optimizations do not converge to them. Only for MP2 and the selenide do all optimizations converge to the desired stationary state. The relative energies could all be explained in terms of anomeric effects and ring strains. The decreasing covalent character of the P=X bond, with X changing from O to S and to Se, shows itself in the increasing bond lengths and the decreasing strength of anomeric effects.