Abstract
The lack of water resources as a critical substance and the increase of water demands and also the complexity of water resources management issues are made the integrated water resource management as an essential tool. In this study considering different water demands, planning and policy analysis in the Sistan region, with the water evaluation and planning system (WEAP) and applying the sub-model of irrigation demands of the FAO crop requirements approach is used. Water planning and policies are defined and simulated with 15 scenarios from 2015 to 2030. Based on the results, Implementation of policies such as the increasing of irrigation efficiency in the agricultural consumption had a positive effect on the saving of the water resources and the water scarcity reduces. Also due to the priority of supplying drinking water in all scenarios, no unmet demand is observed in this part of consumption. Moreover when the industrial demand is joined to the consumptions as a stakeholder, the amount of less water is released for the agricultural and wetlands demands. Therefore, it is recommended that different scenarios be implemented such as increasing of the irrigation efficiency, reducing of the cultivation area and reducing the domestic water consumption.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Choi, S., Lee, D.R., Moon, J.W., and Kang, S.K., Application of K-WEAP (Korea-Integrated Water Resources Evaluation and Planning Model), J. Korea Water Resour. Assoc., 2010, vol. 43, pp. 625‒633.
Condom, T., Escobar, M., Purkey, D., Pouget, J.C., Suarez, W., Ramos, C., Apaestegui, J., Zapata, M., Gomez, J., and Vergara, W., Modeling the hydrologic role of glaciers within a Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP): a case study in the Rio Santa watershed (Peru), Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 2011, vol. 8, pp. 869‒916.
De Stefano, L., Duncan, J., Dinar, S., Stahl, K., Strzepek, K., and Wolf, A., Climate change and the institutional resilience of international river basins, J. Peace Res., 2012, vol. 49, pp. 193–209.
Dimova, G., Tzanov, E., Ninov, P., Ribarova, M., and Kossida, M., Complementary use of the WEAP model to underpin the development of SEEAW physical water use and supply tables, Procedia Eng., 2014, vol. 70, pp. 563–572.
Hadded, R., Nouiri, I., Alshihabi, O., Mabmann, J., Huber, M., Laghouane, A., Yahiaoui, H., and Tarhouni, J., A Decision Support System to Manage the Groundwater of the Zeuss Koutine Aquifer Using the WEAP-MODFLOW Framework. Water Resour. Manage., 2013, vol. 27. pp. 1981–2000.
Hollermann, B., Giertz, S., and Diekkrüger, B., Balancing Future Water Availability and Demand Using the WEAP ‘Water Evaluation and Planning’ System, Water Resour. Manage., 2010, vol. 24, pp. 3591–3613.
Homer-Dixon, T.F., Environmental scarcities and violent conflict: evidence from cases, Int. Security, 1994, vol. 19, pp. 5‒40.
Hussaill, L., Thrikawala, S., and Barker, R., Economic analysis of residential, commercial and industrial uses of water in Srilanka, Water Int., 2002, vol. 27, pp. 183‒193.
Levite, H., Sally, H., and Cour, J, Testing water demand management scenarios in a water-stressed basin in South Africa: application of the WEAP model, Physics and Chem. Earth, 2003, vol. 28. pp. 779–786.
Li, X.E., Zhao, Y., Shi, C., Sha, J., Wang, Z.L., and Wang, Y., Application of Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model for water resources management strategy estimation in coastal Binhai New Area, China, Ocean & Coast. Manage., 2015, vol. 106, pp. 97‒109.
Mei, H., Yang, D., and Liuyuan, X., Research advances on water resources optimal distribution, Procedia Environ. Sci., 2010, vol. 2, pp. 1912–1918.
Mianabadi, H., Mostert, E., Pande, S., and Giesen, N., Weighted Bankruptcy Rules and Transboundary Water Resources Allocation, Water Resour. Manage., 2015, vol. 29, pp. 2303–2321.
Mounir, Z.M., Ma, C.M., and Amadou, I., Application of water evaluation and planning (WEAP): a model to assess future water demands in the Niger River (in Niger republic), Mod. Appl. Sci., 2011, vol. 5, pp. 38‒49.
Mugatsia, E., Simulation and scenario analysis of water resources management in Perkerra catchment using WEAP model, MSc Thesis, Department of civil and structural engineering, The Univ. Moi, Kenya, 2010.
Rashki, A., Kaskaoutis, D.G., Rautenbach, C.J.D., Eriksson, P.G., Qiang, M., and Gupta, P., Dust storms and their horizontal dust loading in the Sistan region, Iran, Aeolian Res., 2012, vol. 5, pp. 51–62.
Sieber, J., Chris, S.D., and Huber-Lee, A., WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning System), User guide for WEAP 21, Stockholm Environ. Nst., U.S. Center, USA, 2005.
Singh, K., Dhindwal, A.S., Dhaka, A.K., Sewhag, M., and Pannu, R.K., Water use pattern and productivity in bed planted wheat (Triticum aestivum) under varying moisture regimes in shallow water table conditions, Indian J. Agric. Sci., 2015, vol. 85. pp. 1080‒1084.
Vonk, E., Xu, Y.P., Booij, M.J, Zhang, X., and Augustijn, D.C.M., Adapting Multi-Reservoir Operation to Shifting Patterns of Water Supply and Demand: a Case Study for the Xinanjiang-Fuchunjiang Reservoir Cascade, Water Resour. Manage., 2014, vol. 28, 625–643.
Yaqob, Y., Al-Sáed, R., Sorial, G., and Sudian, M., Simulation of transboundary wastewater resource management scenarios in the Wadi Zomer watershed, using a WEAP model, Int. J. Basic Applied Sci., 2015, vol. 4, pp. 27‒35.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
The article is published in the original.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ali Sardar Shahraki, Shahraki, J. & Monfared, S.A. An Integrated Water Resources Management Considering Agricultural Demands and the Assessment of Different Scenarios in Hirmand Catchment, Iran. Water Resour 46, 308–317 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807819020143
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807819020143