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Biological Diversification of Amphidromous and Freshwater Sculpins (Cottoidei: Cottidae) in the Southern Far East

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Abstract

The pattern and time frame of sea sculpin adaptation to the freshwater lifestyle are shown. The major factors that drive this process are the forced invasion in fresh waters due to climate cooling and the migration of postlarval juveniles from more complex coastal biocenoses to estuaries and lower reaches of rivers. The ranges of two phylogenetic lineages of sculpins (autochthonous Asian and its Arctic derivative) were divided into three parts by the isolation of the Sea of Japan at the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary: in the Sea of Okhotsk, in the Sea of Japan, and south of it. The different habitat conditions for the isolates that persisted for a long period of time caused three new taxa to form in the first lineage and four in the second. The ancestral branch of sculpins yielded Trachidermus fasciatus in the East China Sea, Rheopresbe kazika in the Sea of Japan, and Mesocottus haitej in the Sea of Okhotsk; the Arctic branch that derived from it, respectively, formed Cottus reinii in the East China Sea, C. czerskii and C. hangiongensis in the Sea of Japan, and C. amblystomopsis in the Sea of Okhotsk. During the Pleistocene isolations of the Sea of Japan and sculpin migrations induced by climate fluctuations, C. pollux separated from C. reinii in the southern Sea of Japan, while the southernmost freshwater populations of the amphidromous C. amblystomopsis and C. hangiongensis speciated into C. nozawae and C. koreanus, respectively.

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Notes

  1. In the present paper, the boundary between the Pliocene and Pleistocene is assumed to have been 2.6 Myr [21].

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  1. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia

    V. N. Dolganov & P. A. Saveliev

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Dolganov, V.N., Saveliev, P.A. Biological Diversification of Amphidromous and Freshwater Sculpins (Cottoidei: Cottidae) in the Southern Far East. Russ J Mar Biol 48, 1–9 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074022010047

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