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The uniform expansion of the Universe

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Abstract

The standard equations of general relativity admit extension so that they can be supplemented, not only with Einsteinian cosmological repulsive forces described by the Λ term, but also with other forces. Accordingly, we suggest a model of a uniformly expanding Universe (an S model). In this model, the cosmological forces of attraction and repulsion precisely balance each other. This S model is a good approximation for describing the Universe’s evolution over a wide range of redshifts (up to z ∼ 1000). The S model can explain in a simple way observational data on the age of the Universe, the apparent magnitude-redshift relation for Type Ia supernovae, and the angular separation between the centers of neighboring bright spots against the uniform background of the cosmic microwave background radiation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Business and Technology Ltd., Chelyabinsk, Russia

    A. V. Klimenko

  2. Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

    V. A. Klimenko

  3. Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia

    A. M. Fridman

  4. Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    A. M. Fridman

Authors
  1. A. V. Klimenko
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  2. V. A. Klimenko
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  3. A. M. Fridman
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Additional information

Original Russian Text © A.V. Klimenko, V.A. Klimenko, A.M. Fridman, 2010, published in Astronomicheskiĭ Zhurnal, 2010, Vol. 87, No. 10, pp. 947–966.

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Klimenko, A.V., Klimenko, V.A. & Fridman, A.M. The uniform expansion of the Universe. Astron. Rep. 54, 871–889 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377291010001X

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377291010001X

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