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DarkSide-20k: A 20 tonne two-phase LAr TPC for direct dark matter detection at LNGS

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Abstract.

Building on the successful experience in operating the DarkSide-50 detector, the DarkSide Collaboration is going to construct DarkSide-20k, a direct WIMP search detector using a two-phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) with an active (fiducial) mass of 23 t (20 t). This paper describes a preliminary design for the experiment, in which the DarkSide-20k LAr TPC is deployed within a shield/veto with a spherical Liquid Scintillator Veto (LSV) inside a cylindrical Water Cherenkov Veto (WCV). This preliminary design provides a baseline for the experiment to achieve its physics goals, while further development work will lead to the final optimization of the detector parameters and an eventual technical design. Operation of DarkSide-50 demonstrated a major reduction in the dominant 39Ar background when using argon extracted from an underground source, before applying pulse shape analysis. Data from DarkSide-50, in combination with MC simulation and analytical modeling, shows that a rejection factor for discrimination between electron and nuclear recoils of \(>3 \times 10^{9}\) is achievable. This, along with the use of the veto system and utilizing silicon photomultipliers in the LAr TPC, are the keys to unlocking the path to large LAr TPC detector masses, while maintaining an experiment in which less than \(< 0.1\) events (other than \(\nu\)-induced nuclear recoils) is expected to occur within the WIMP search region during the planned exposure. DarkSide-20k will have ultra-low backgrounds than can be measured in situ, giving sensitivity to WIMP-nucleon cross sections of \(1.2 \times 10^{-47}\) cm2 (\(1.1 \times 10^{-46}\) cm2) for WIMPs of 1 TeV/c2 (10 TeV/c2) mass, to be achieved during a 5 yr run producing an exposure of 100 t yr free from any instrumental background.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 99352, Richland, WA, USA

    C. E. Aalseth, T. Alexander, I. J. Arnquist, D. M. Asner, H. O. Back, R. Bunker, J. W. Grate, E. W. Hoppe, P. Humble, B. Loer, M. Mayer, A. Seifert, J. Wahl & R. Williams

  2. Fondazione Bruno Kessler, 38123, Povo, Italy

    F. Acerbi, A. Ferri, A. Gola, M. Marcante, G. Paternoster, C. Piemonte, V. Regazzoni & G. Zappalà

  3. Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, 38123, Povo, Italy

    F. Acerbi, A. Ferri, A. Gola, M. Marcante, G. Paternoster, C. Piemonte, V. Regazzoni & G. Zappalà

  4. Department of Physics, University of Houston, 77204, Houston, TX, USA

    P. Agnes, N. Canci, A. Empl, E. V. Hungerford, G. Korga, A. L. Renshaw, P. N. Singh & Z. Ye

  5. Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil

    I. F. M. Albuquerque & M. Ave

  6. Centro Fermi Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, 00184, Roma, Italy

    A. Alici, L. Cifarelli, R. Nania & A. Zichichi

  7. INFN Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    A. Alici, P. Antonioli, S. Arcelli, L. Cifarelli, M. Colocci, I. D’Antone, M. Guerzoni, A. Margotti, R. Nania, E. Scapparone, G. Scioli & A. Zichichi

  8. Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    A. Alici, S. Arcelli, L. Cifarelli, M. Colocci, G. Scioli & A. Zichichi

  9. Physics Department, Augustana University, 57197, Sioux Falls, SD, USA

    A. K. Alton

  10. Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy

    R. Ardito, A. Castellani, A. Ghisi & F. Perotti

  11. INFN Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy

    R. Ardito, A. Castellani, M. Citterio, G. De Guido, G. Di Pietro, I. Dormia, C. Galbiati, A. Ghisi, G. Gibertoni, G. U. Lodi, R. Lussana, L. Luzzi, M. Mariani, S. Moioli, L. A. Pellegrini, F. Perotti, D. Portaluppi, F. Ragusa, A. Tosi, F. Villa & F. Zappa

  12. CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    A. I. Barrado Olmedo, M. Daniel, M. Fernandez Diaz, P. Garcia Abia, V. Pesudo, L. Romero, E. Sánchez García, R. Santorelli & A. Yllera de Llano

  13. INFN Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy

    G. Batignani, S. Bettarini, M. G. Bisogni, S. Dussoni, M. A. Giorgi, M. Grassi, M. Kuss, A. Moggi, M. Morrocchi, E. Paoloni, F. Pilo & F. Raffaelli

  14. Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy

    G. Batignani, S. Bettarini, M. G. Bisogni, S. Dussoni, M. A. Giorgi, M. Morrocchi & E. Paoloni

  15. INFN Milano Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy

    E. Bertoldo

  16. INFN Sezione di Roma, 00185, Roma, Italy

    V. Bocci, S. De Cecco, C. Dionisi, S. Giagu, P. Loverre, A. Messina, M. Rescigno, M. Verducci, M. Zullo & A. Zullo

  17. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia

    A. Bondar, A. Buzulutskov, V. Nosov, V. Oleynikov, L. Shekhtman, E. Shemyakina & A. Sokolov

  18. Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia

    A. Bondar, A. Buzulutskov, A. Dolgov, V. Nosov, V. Oleynikov, L. Shekhtman, E. Shemyakina & A. Sokolov

  19. INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100, Assergi (AQ), Italy

    G. Bonfini, M. Bossa, N. Canci, A. Candela, M. Carlini, P. Cavalcante, M. D’Incecco, S. Davini, M. De Deo, G. Di Pietro, F. Gabriele, A. M. Goretti, An. Ianni, G. Korga, A. Mandarano, M. Orsini, K. Pelczar, R. Perruzza, A. Razeto, N. Rossi, D. Sablone, C. Savarese, Y. Suvorov & R. Tartaglia

  20. INFN Cagliari, 09042, Cagliari, Italy

    W. Bonivento, M. Cadeddu, M. Cadoni, M. Caravati, C. Cicalò, S. Corgiolu, A. Devoto, B. Hosseini, M. Lissia, M. Mascia, S. Palmas, M. Razeti & A. Vacca

  21. Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy

    M. Bossa, S. Davini, A. Mandarano & C. Savarese

  22. Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16146, Genova, Italy

    B. Bottino, L. Pagani & M. Pallavicini

  23. INFN Genova, 16146, Genova, Italy

    B. Bottino, A. Caminata, M. Cariello, R. Cereseto, S. Davini, P. Musico, L. Pagani, M. Pallavicini, G. Sobrero & G. Testera

  24. INFN Roma Tre, 00146, Roma, Italy

    S. Bussino, S. M. Mari & S. Sanfilippo

  25. Mathematics and Physics Department, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 00146, Roma, Italy

    S. Bussino, S. M. Mari & S. Sanfilippo

  26. Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042, Cagliari, Italy

    M. Cadeddu, M. Cadoni, M. Caravati & A. Devoto

  27. Institute for Particle Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland

    C. Cantini, P. Crivelli, A. Gendotti, S. Horikawa, W. Mu, S. Murphy, B. Radics, C. Regenfus, A. Rubbia, T. Viant & S. Wu

  28. Chemistry and Pharmacy Department, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy

    M. Carpinelli, D. D’Urso, P. Demontis, A. Gabrieli, F. Pazzona, M. Sant & G. B. Suffritti

  29. INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123, Catania, Italy

    M. Carpinelli, P. Demontis, A. Gabrieli, M. Gulino, L. Pandola, F. Pazzona, M. Sant, F. Speziale & G. B. Suffritti

  30. Physics Department, Università degli Studi “Federico II” di Napoli, 80126, Napoli, Italy

    S. Catalanotti, V. Cataudella, S. Cavuoti, G. Covone, A. de Candia, G. De Filippis, G. De Rosa, G. Fiorillo, M. La Commara, G. Longo & P. Trinchese

  31. INFN Napoli, 80126, Napoli, Italy

    S. Catalanotti, V. Cataudella, S. Cavuoti, A. G. Cocco, G. Covone, A. de Candia, G. De Filippis, G. De Rosa, M. Della Valle, G. Fiorillo, M. La Commara, G. Longo, B. Rossi, P. Salatino, M. Simeone & P. Trinchese

  32. Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA

    P. Cavalcante & B. Vogelaar

  33. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    A. Chepurnov, M. Gromov & V. Pavletcov

  34. INFN Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy

    M. D. Da Rocha Rolo, G. Dellacasa & A. Rivetti

  35. Department of Mechanical, Chemical, and Materials Engineering, Università degli Studi, 09042, Cagliari, Italy

    S. Corgiolu, M. Mascia, S. Palmas & A. Vacca

  36. LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS/IN2P3, Sorbonne Universités, 75252, Paris, France

    C. Giganti & A. Navrer Agasson

  37. Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Department “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy

    G. De Guido, I. Dormia, G. Gibertoni, G. U. Lodi, S. Moioli & L. A. Pellegrini

  38. INAF Capodimonte Astronomical Observatory, 80131, Napoli, Italy

    M. Della Valle

  39. Interuniversity Consortium for Science and Technology of Materials, 50121, Firenze, Italy

    P. Demontis & G. B. Suffritti

  40. Saint Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, 188350, Gatchina, Russia

    A. Derbin, V. N. Muratova, D. A. Semenov & E. V. Unzhakov

  41. Physics Department, Princeton University, 08544, Princeton, NJ, USA

    F. Di Eusanio, C. Galbiati, G. K. Giovanetti, B. Harrop, D. Hughes, An. Ianni, G. Koh, X. Li, L. Mapelli, P. D. Meyers, H. Qian, S. Rizzardini, D. Sablone, W. Sands, C. Stanford, M. Wada, X. Xiang & C. Zhu

  42. Physics Department, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Roma, Italy

    S. De Cecco, C. Dionisi, S. Giagu, P. Loverre, A. Messina & M. Verducci

  43. TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    P. Giampa & F. Retière

  44. National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    C. Filip & M. L. Gligan

  45. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980, Dubna, Russia

    K. Fomenko, O. Gorchakov, D. Korablev, O. Samoylov, A. Sheshukov, O. Smirnov, A. Sotnikov & A. Vishneva

  46. APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, USPC, 75205, Paris, France

    D. Franco, Q. Riffard & A. Tonazzo

  47. Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71003, Crete, Greece

    G. E. Froudakis

  48. Physics Department, Temple University, 19122, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    F. Granato, S. Kim, C. J. Martoff & A. W. Watson

  49. National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, 123182, Moscow, Russia

    G. Y. Grigoriev, I. N. Machulin, A. O. Nozdrina, N. N. Nurakhov, D. A. Pugachev, M. D. Skorokhvatov & Y. Suvorov

  50. Institute of High Energy Physics, 100049, Beijing, China

    M. Guan, Y. Ma, Y. Wang & C. Yang

  51. School of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, 57799, Spearfish, SD, USA

    M. B. B. Guerra, K. Keeter & B. J. Mount

  52. Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Università di Enna Kore, 94100, Enna, Italy

    M. Gulino

  53. Department of Physics and Engineering, Fort Lewis College, 81301, Durango, CO, USA

    R. K. Haaland

  54. Department of Physics, University of California, 95616, Davis, CA, USA

    T. N. Johnson, E. Pantic & B. Schlitzer

  55. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 60510, Batavia, IL, USA

    C. L. Kendziora

  56. Radiation Physics Laboratory, Belgorod National Research University, 308007, Belgorod, Russia

    A. Kubankin, I. Nikulin, A. Oleinik & A. Shchagin

  57. Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy

    R. Lussana, D. Portaluppi, A. Tosi, F. Villa & F. Zappa

  58. Energy Department, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy

    L. Luzzi & M. Mariani

  59. Physics Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083, Campinas, Brazil

    A. A. Machado & E. Segreto

  60. National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409, Moscow, Russia

    I. N. Machulin, A. O. Nozdrina & M. D. Skorokhvatov

  61. Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Trento, 38123, Povo, Italy

    M. Marcante, V. Regazzoni & G. Zappalà

  62. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 96822, Honolulu, HI, USA

    J. Maricic, R. Milincic & B. Reinhold

  63. Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, TW20 0EX, Surrey, UK

    J. Walding

  64. Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, 01003, Amherst, MA, USA

    J. Monroe, A. Monte & A. Pocar

  65. Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology Department, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy

    F. Ortica, N. Pelliccia, A. Romani & A. Romani

  66. INFN Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy

    F. Ortica & N. Pelliccia

  67. M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Krakow, Poland

    M. M. Wojcik & G. Zuzel

  68. Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy

    F. Ragusa

  69. Chemical, Materials, and Industrial Production Engineering Department, Università degli Studi “Federico II” di Napoli, 80126, Napoli, Italy

    P. Salatino & M. Simeone

  70. Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Y. Suvorov, H. Wang, Y. Wang & X. Xiao

  71. Department of Physics, Carleton University, K1S 5B6, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    M. Boulay, M. Kuźniak, B. Lehnert, R. Stainforth & S. Westerdale

  72. Department of Physics, University of Alberta, T6G 2R3, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    A. Hallin

  73. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, P3E 2C6, Sudbury, ON, Canada

    C. Jillings

  74. SNOLAB, P3Y 1N2, Lively, ON, Canada

    C. Jillings

  75. Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, K7L 3N6, Kingston, ON, Canada

    A. B. McDonald & P. Skensved

  76. Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, BN1 9QH, Brighton, UK

    S. Peeters

  77. Physik Department, Technische Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany

    T. Pollmann

  78. Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 01000, México, Mexico

    E. Vázquez-Jáuregui

Authors
  1. C. E. Aalseth
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  2. F. Acerbi
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  3. P. Agnes
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  4. I. F. M. Albuquerque
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  5. T. Alexander
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  6. A. Alici
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  7. A. K. Alton
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  8. P. Antonioli
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  9. S. Arcelli
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  10. R. Ardito
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  11. I. J. Arnquist
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  12. D. M. Asner
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  13. M. Ave
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  14. H. O. Back
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  15. A. I. Barrado Olmedo
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  18. S. Bettarini
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  19. M. G. Bisogni
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  29. A. Buzulutskov
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  30. M. Cadeddu
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  31. M. Cadoni
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  32. A. Caminata
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  33. N. Canci
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  34. A. Candela
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  35. C. Cantini
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  36. M. Caravati
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  37. M. Cariello
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  38. M. Carlini
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  39. M. Carpinelli
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  40. A. Castellani
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  41. S. Catalanotti
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  42. V. Cataudella
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  43. P. Cavalcante
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  44. S. Cavuoti
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  53. G. Covone
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  58. M. D. Da Rocha Rolo
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  61. A. de Candia
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  70. A. Derbin
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  72. F. Di Eusanio
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  73. G. Di Pietro
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  74. C. Dionisi
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  77. S. Dussoni
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  78. A. Empl
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  79. M. Fernandez Diaz
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  80. A. Ferri
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  81. C. Filip
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  82. G. Fiorillo
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  83. K. Fomenko
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  84. D. Franco
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  85. G. E. Froudakis
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  86. F. Gabriele
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  87. A. Gabrieli
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  88. C. Galbiati
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  89. P. Garcia Abia
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  90. A. Gendotti
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  91. A. Ghisi
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  92. S. Giagu
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  93. P. Giampa
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  94. G. Gibertoni
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  95. C. Giganti
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  96. M. A. Giorgi
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  97. G. K. Giovanetti
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  98. M. L. Gligan
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  99. A. Gola
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  100. O. Gorchakov
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  101. A. M. Goretti
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  102. F. Granato
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  103. M. Grassi
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  104. J. W. Grate
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  105. G. Y. Grigoriev
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Correspondence to A. L. Renshaw.

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Aalseth, C.E., Acerbi, F., Agnes, P. et al. DarkSide-20k: A 20 tonne two-phase LAr TPC for direct dark matter detection at LNGS. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 133, 131 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2018-11973-4

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