Abstract
This study mainly wants to find some possible strategies to achieve more MHD flow balancing and better thermal energy management through a LM (liquid metal) manifold. MHD flow and heat transfer are examined for six different EMC (electromagnetic coupling) models. EMC models are defined between the LM and the manifold walls based on the direction of the magnetic field and the electrical conductivities of the walls. A system of nonlinear differential equations with eleven unknowns in accordance with the prescribed boundary conditions is solved by a developed computer code. A thorough grid study is done for different EMC models. Some comparisons are done to represent the best EMC model for the effective LM manifold operation in terms of the uniformity of velocity and temperature distributions, pressure drop, the magnitude of flow imbalance, and the percentage of thermal energy extracted from the outlets. Obtained results finally identify the best EMC model that wins the competition and gives the most MHD flow and thermal balancing at the manifold outlets. In this model, the magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the vertical walls and the manifold walls are wholly electric conducting.
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Abbreviations
- B :
-
Magnetic field vector (T)
- B x , B y , B z :
-
Magnetic field components (T)
- c p :
-
PbLi specific heat (J/kg-K)
- c pw :
-
Walls specific heat (J/kg-K)
- h :
-
Manifold height (m)
- j :
-
Electric current density vector (A/m2)
- j x , jy , j z :
-
Electric current density components (A/m2)
- k :
-
PbLi thermal conductivity (W/m–K)
- k w :
-
Walls thermal conductivity (W/m–K)
- l 1 :
-
Supply channel length (m)
- l 2 :
-
Expansion channel length (m)
- l 3 :
-
Sub-channels length (m)
- \(\dot{m}_{c}\) :
-
Mass flow rate at the central sub-channel outlet (kg/s)
- \(\dot{m}_{l}\) :
-
Mass flow rate at the left sub-channel outlet (kg/s)
- \(\dot{m}_{r}\) :
-
Mass flow rate at the right sub-channel outlet (kg/s)
- p :
-
Pressure (Pa)
- T :
-
PbLi temperature (K)
- T 0 :
-
PbLi inlet temperature (K)
- T w :
-
Walls temperature (K)
- t w :
-
Walls thickness (m)
- u 0 :
-
Inlet velocity (m/s)
- V :
-
Velocity vector (m/s)
- v x , v y , v z :
-
Velocity components (m/s)
- w c :
-
Width of central sub-channel outlet (m)
- w e :
-
Width of expansion channel (m)
- w l :
-
Width of left sub-channel outlet (m)
- w r :
-
Width of right sub-channel outlet (m)
- w s :
-
Width of supply channel (m)
- α :
-
Flow imbalance quantity
- μ :
-
PbLi dynamic viscosity (Pa.s)
- ρ :
-
PbLi density (kg/m3)
- σ :
-
PbLi electrical conductivity (S/m)
- σ w :
-
Walls electrical conductivity (S/m)
- ϕ :
-
PbLi electrical potential (V)
- ϕ w :
-
Walls electrical potential (V)
- c :
-
Central
- e :
-
Expansion
- l :
-
Left
- r :
-
Right
- s :
-
Supply
- w :
-
Wall
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Farahi Shahri, M., Hossein Nezhad, A. A competitive study on different operational models for MHD flow balancing and thermal management inside a fusion blanket manifold. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136, 640 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01631-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01631-5