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Hybrid nanofluid flow around a triangular-shaped obstacle inside a split lid-driven trapezoidal cavity

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Abstract

Numerical simulation analyzes the mixed convection flow of \(\hbox {Al}_{2}\hbox {O}_{3}{-}\hbox {Cu}{-}\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}\) (aluminium oxide–copper–water) hybrid nanofluid inside a split lid-driven trapezoidal cavity. A triangular-shaped cold obstacle is placed inside the cavity. The horizontal base of the cavity is kept cold, whereas the side walls are chosen adiabatic. The thermally active upper wall maintained at a constant temperature is split into halves, and each half moves opposite to the other with constant velocity. Modeled equations are converted into a nonlinear system of partial differential equations. This system, along with incorporated physical boundary constraints, is solved numerically via Galerkin finite-element method. Attained results are also compared with the earlier publications to ensure validation and accuracy. To examine the effects of various pertinent parameters, various flow and heat transfer attributes like dimensionless velocity, stream contours, temperature, and isotherms, and local and average Nusselt numbers are critically analyzed. The outcomes of this examination will provide qualitative suggestions to improve the cooling mechanism of several electronic gadgets and thermal devices.

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Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The first author is profoundly grateful for the financial support of the Thousand Talents Plan 2019 “for the Introduction of High-level Talents at Home and Abroad in Sichuan Province.” The corresponding author is grateful to the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 51709191). The author (M. Hamid) acknowledges the support of Fudan University through the International Exchange Fellowship and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2020M681135).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People’s Republic of China

    Z. H. Khan & M. Du

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, 31952, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    W. A. Khan

  3. Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, 22060, Pakistan

    M. Qasim

  4. Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    S. O. Alharbi

  5. Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China

    M. Hamid

  6. School of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People’s Republic of China

    M. Hamid

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  1. Z. H. Khan
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Correspondence to M. Du.

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Khan, Z.H., Khan, W.A., Qasim, M. et al. Hybrid nanofluid flow around a triangular-shaped obstacle inside a split lid-driven trapezoidal cavity. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 231, 2749–2759 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00607-5

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