Ronen I. Brafman
Skip Abstract Section
Abstract
We present a new approach for adaptive presentation of structured information, based on preference-based constrained optimization techniques rooted in qualitative decision-theory. In this approach, document presentation is viewed as a configuration problem whose goal is to determine the optimal presentation of a document, while taking into account the preferences of the content provider, viewer interaction with the browser, and, possibly, some layout constraints. The preferences of the content provider are represented by a CP-net, a graphical, qualitative preference model developed in Boutilier et al. [1999]. The layout constraints are represented as geometric constraints, integrated within the optimization process. We discuss the theoretical basis of our approach, as well as implemented prototype systems for Web pages and for general media-rich document presentation.
- Anderson, C. R., Domingos, P., and Weld, D. 2001. Personalizing Web sites for mobile users. In Proceedings of the 10th International World Wide Web Conference (Hong Kong). 565--575. Google Scholar
- Anderson, C. R. and Horvitz, E. 2002. Web Montage: A dynamic personalized start page. In Proceedings of the 11th International World Wide Web Conference (Honolulu). 704--712. Google Scholar
- Asher, N. and Morreau, M. 1995. What some generic sentences mean. In The Generic Book, G. Carlson and F. J. Pelletier, Eds. Chicago University Press, Chicago, IL, 300--338.Google Scholar
- Bacchus, F. and Grove, A. 1996. Utility independence in qualitative decision theory. In Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Knowledge Representation (Cambridge, MA.), 542--552.Google Scholar
- Badros, G. J., Borning, A., and Stuckey, P. 2001. The Cassowary linear arithmetic constraint solving algorithm. ACM Trans. Comput. Human Interact. 8, 4, 267--306. Google Scholar
- Beaumont, I. 1994. User modeling in the interactive anatomy tutoring system ANATOMTUTOR. User Model. User-Adapt. Interact. 4, 1, 21--45.Google Scholar
- Berkelaar, M. 1996. lpsolve---Simplex-based code for linear and integer programming. Available online at ftp://ftp.es.ele.tue.nl/pub/lp_solve/lp_solve.tar.gz.Google Scholar
- Bickmore, T. W. and Schilit, B. N. 1997. Digestor: Device-independent access to the World Wide Web. In Proceedings of the 6th International World Wide Web Conference (Santa Clara, CA). 655--663. Google Scholar
- Bistarelli, S., Fargier, H., Montanari, U., Rossi, F., Schiex, T., and Verfaillie, G. 1999. Semiring-based CSPs and valued CSPs: Frameworks, properties, and comparison. Constraints 4, 3, 275--316. Google Scholar
- Bordegoni, M., Faconti, G., Maybury, M., Rist, T., Ruggieri, S., Trahanias, P., and Wilson, M. 1998. A standard reference model for intelligent multimedia presentation systems. Comput. Stand. Interfaces. Special Issue on Intelligent Multimedia Presentation Systems 18, 6-7, 477--496. Google Scholar
- Borning, A., Lin, R., and Marriott, K. 2000. Constraint-based document layout for the Web. Multimed. Syst. J. 8, 3, 177--189. Google Scholar
- Boutilier, C., Brafman, R., Domshlak, C., Hoos, H., and Poole, D. 2004a. CP-nets: A tool for representing and reasoning about conditional ceteris paribus preference statements. J. Art. Intell. Res. 21, 135--191. Google Scholar
- Boutilier, C., Brafman, R., Domshlak, C., Hoos, H., and Poole, D. 2004b. Preference-based constrained optimization with CP-nets. Comput. Intell. (Special Issue on Preferences in AI and CP) 20, 2, 137--157.Google Scholar
- Boutilier, C., Brafman, R., Hoos, H., and Poole, D. 1999. Reasoning with conditional ceteris paribus preference statements. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (Stockholm, Sweden). 71--80. Google Scholar
- Boyle, C. and Encarnacion, A. 1994. Metadoc: An adaptive hypertext reading system. User Model. User-Adapt. Interact. 4, 1--19.Google Scholar
- Brafman, R. I. and Dimopoulos, Y. 2003. A new look at the semantics and optimization methods of CP-networks. In Proceedings of the 18th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Acapulco, Maxico). 1033--1038. Google Scholar
- Brafman, R. I., Domshlak, C., and Shimony, S. E. 2003. Qualitative decision making in adaptive presentation of structured information. Tech. rep. CS-03-17. Department of Computer Science, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel.Google Scholar
- Brusilovsky, P. 1996. Methods and techniques of adaptive hypermedia. User Model. User-Adapt. Interact. 6, 2-3, 87--129. Google Scholar
- Brusilovsky, P. 2001. Adaptive hypermedia. User Model. User-Adapt. Interact. 11, 1-2, 87--110. Google Scholar
- de Bra, P., Brusilovsky, P., and Houben, G.-J. 1999. Adaptive hypermedia: From systems to framework. ACM Comput. Surv. 31, 4es, 12. Google Scholar
- de Bra, P. and Calvi, L. 1998. AHA!---An open adaptive hypermedia architecture. New Rev. Hypermed. Multimed. 4, 115--139.Google Scholar
- Domshlak, C. and Brafman, R. 2002. CP-nets---reasoning and consistency testing. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (Toulouse, France). 121--132.Google Scholar
- Domshlak, C., Rossi, F., Venable, C., and Walsh, T. 2003. Reasoning about soft constraints and conditional preferences: Complexity results and approximation techniques. In Proceedings of the 18th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Acapulco, Maxico). 215--220. Google Scholar
- Domshlak, C. and Shimony, S. E. 2002. Improving the dynamic behavior of CP-net based multimedia systems by predicting likely components. In AAAI/KDD/UAI Joint Workshop on Real-Time Decision Support and Diagnosis Systems (Edmonton, Alta., Canada).Google Scholar
- Domshlak, C. and Shimony, S. E. 2003. Efficient probabilistic reasoning in Bayes nets with mutual exclusion and context specific independence. In Proceedings of the 16th International FLAIRS Conference, Special Track on Uncertain Reasoning (St. Augustine, FL). 496--500.Google Scholar
- Doyle, J., Shoham, Y., and Wellman, M. 1991. A logic of relative desire (preliminary report). In Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems LNCS vol. 542. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 16--31. Google Scholar
- Doyle, J. and Thomason, R. H. 1999. Background to qualitative decision theory. AI Mag. 20, 2, 55--68.Google Scholar
- Doyle, J. and Wellman, M. 1994. Representing preferences as ceteris paribus comparatives. In Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Decision-Theoretic Planning (Stanford, CA). 69--75.Google Scholar
- Dwork, C., Kumar, R., Naor, M., and Sivakumar, D. 2001. Rank aggregation methods for the Web. In Proceedings of the 10th International World Wide Web Conference (Hong Kong). 613--622. Google Scholar
- Fox, A. and Brewer, E. A. 1996. Reducing WWW latency and bandwidth requirements by real-time distillation. In Proceedings of the 5th International World Wide Web Conference (Paris). 1445--1456. Google Scholar
- Friedman, N. and Goldszmidt, M. 1996. Learning Bayesian networks with local structure. In Proceedings of 12th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. 252--262. Google Scholar
- Glass, J. 1999. Challenges for spoken dialogue systems. In IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding (Keystone, CO). Available online at http://www.sls.lcs.mit.edu/sls/publications/1999/asru99-jrg.pdf.Google Scholar
- Gudes, E., Domshlak, C., and Orlov, N. 2002. Remote conferencing with multimedia objects. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Multimedia Data Document Engineering. Lecture Notes on Computer Science, vol. 2490. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 526--536. Google Scholar
- Hansson, S. O. 1996. What is ceteris paribus preference. J. Philosoph. Logic 25, 3, 307--332.Google Scholar
- Hohl, H., Böcker, H.-D., and Gunzenhäuser, R. 1996. HYPADAPTER: An adaptive hypertext system for exploratory learning and programming. User Model. User-Adapt. Interact. 6, 2-3, 131--155.Google Scholar
- Hurst, N., Marriott, K., and Moulder, P. 2002. Dynamic approximation of complex graphical constraints by linear constraints. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Paris, France). 191--200. Google Scholar
- Karagiannidis, C., Koumpis, A., and Stephanidis, C. 1998. Adaption in IMMPS as a decision making process. Comput. Stand. Interfaces (Special Issue on Intelligent Multimedia Presentation Systems) 18, 6-7. Google Scholar
- Keeney, R. L. and Raiffa, H. 1976. Decision with Multiple Objectives: Preferences and Value Tradeoffs. Wiley, New York, NY.Google Scholar
- Li, W., Vu, Q., Agrawal, D., Hara, Y., and Takano, H. 1999. PowerBookmarks: A system for personalizable web information organization. In Proceedings of the 8th International World Wide Web Conference (Toronto, Ont., Canada). 565--567. Google Scholar
- Lie, H. W. and Bos, B. 1997. Cascading Style Sheets. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. Google Scholar
- Marriott, K., Moulder, P., Stuckey, P. J., and Borning, A. 2001. Solving disjunctive constraints for interactive graphical applications. In Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (Paphos, Greece). 361--376. Google Scholar
- Mohan, R., Smith, J. R., and Li, C.-S. 1999. Adapting multimedia Internet content for universal access. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 1, 1, 104--114. Google Scholar
- Pearl, J. 1988. Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA. Google Scholar
- Roth, S. and Hefley, W. 1993. Intelligent multimedia presentation systems: Research and principles. In Intelligent Multimedia Interfaces, M. Maybury, Ed. AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, 13--58. Google Scholar
- Rule, J. and Rule, J. S. 1998. Dynamic HTML: The HTML Developer's Guide. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. Google Scholar
- Santos, Jr., E. 1993. Modelling cyclicity and generalized cost-based abduction using linear constraint satisfaction. J. Exp. Theoret. Art. Intell. 5, 359--390.Google Scholar
- Schrijver, A. 1986. Theory of Linear and Integer Programming. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, London, U.K. Google Scholar
- Shimony, S. E. and Santos, Jr., E. 1996. Exploiting case-based independence for approximating marginal probabilities. International J. Approx. Reason. 14, 1, 25--54.Google Scholar
- Shoham, Y. 1997. Conditional utility, utility independence, and utility networks. In Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (San Francisco, CA). 429--436. Google Scholar
- Tan, S. W. and Pearl, J. 1994. Qualitative decision theory. In Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Seattle, WA). 928--933. Google Scholar
- von Wright, G. H. 1963. The Logic of Preference: An Essay. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, Scotland.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Qualitative decision making in adaptive presentation of structured information
Recommendations
Qualitative decision theory: from savage's axioms to nonmonotonic reasoning
This paper investigates to what extent a purely symbolic approach to decision making under uncertainty is possible, in the scope of artificial intelligence. Contrary to classical approaches to decision theory, we try to rank acts without resorting to any ...
Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic VIKOR Method and Its Application in Qualitative Multiple Criteria Decision Making
The hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (HFLTS) has turned out to be a powerful and flexible technique in representing decision makers' qualitative assessments in the processes of decision making. The aim of this paper is to develop a method to solve the ...
An outranking method for multi-criteria decision making with duplex linguistic information
An outranking method for duplex linguistic multi-criteria decisions is presented. We define a duplex linguistic set that is especially suitable for describing a decision-maker's preference, and assess each alternative with respect to criteria using ...
Comments