skip to main content
article

Structured multimedia authoring

Published:01 February 2005Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

Authoring context sensitive, interactive multimedia presentations is much more complex than authoring either purely audiovisual applications or text. Interactions among media objects need to be described as a set of spatio-temporal relationships that account for synchronous and asynchronous interactions, as well as on-demand linking behavior. This article considers the issues that need to be addressed by an authoring environment. We begin with a partitioning of concerns based on seven classes of authoring problems. We then describe a selection of multimedia authoring environments within four different authoring paradigms: structured, timeline, graph and scripting. We next provide observations and insights into the authoring process and argue that the structured paradigm provides the most useful framework for presentation authoring. We close with an example application of the structured multimedia authoring paradigm in the context of our own structure-based system GRiNS.

References

  1. Adobe Systems 2002. Encore 1.5 DVD Editing Software. See: http://www.adobe.com/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. Baekcer, R., Rosenthal, A. J., Friedlander, N., Smith, E., and cohen, A. 1996. A multimedia system for authoring motion pictures. In Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia '96, (Boston, Mass, Nov), ACM, New York, 31--42. Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. Bailey, B., Konstan, J., Cooley, R., and Dejong, M. 1998. Nsync-A toolkit for building interactive multimedia presentations. In Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia '98 (Bristol, UK), ACM, New York, 257--266. Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. Buchanan, M. C. and Zellweger, P. T. 2005. Automatic temporal layout mechanisms revisited, ACM Trans. Multimed. Comput. Commun. Appl. 1(1)., 60--88. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. Bulterman, D. C. A. 2003. Using SMIL to encode interactive, peer-level multimedia annotations. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Document Engineering 2003 (Grenoble, France, Nov.). ACM, New York, 32--41. Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. Bulterman, D. C. A., Hardman, L., Jansen, J., Mullender, K. S., and Rutledge, L. 1997. GRiNS: A graphical interface for SMIL. In Proceedings of WWW-7 (Brisbane, Australia).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. Bulterman, D. C. A., Jansen, J., Kleanthis, K. Blom K., and Benden, D. 2004. The ambulant SMIL 2.0 open source SMIL player. In Proceedings of ACM Multimedia 2004 (New York, N.Y., Oct.). ACM, New York, 492--495. Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. Bulterman, D. C. A. and Rutledge, L. 2004. SMIL 2.0: Interactive multimedia for web and mobile devices. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, ISBN: 3-540-20234-X. Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  9. Bulterman, D. C. A., Van Rossum, G., and Van Liere, R., 1991. A structure for transportable, dynamic, multimedia documents. In Proceedings of the Summer USENIX Conference (Nashvile, Tenn.). 137--155.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. Eun, S., No, E. S., Kim, H. C., Yoon, H., and Maeng, S. R. 1994. Eventor: An authoring system for interactive multimedia applications. Multimed. Syst. 2, 129--140. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. Falkovych, K., Werner, J., and Nack, F. 2004. Semantic-based support for the semi-atomatic construction of multimedia presentation. Position paper In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Interaction Design and the Semantic Web (New York, N.Y., May).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. Fujikawa, K., Shimojo, S., Matsuura, T., Nishio, S., and Miyahara, H. 1991. Multimedia presentation system ‘harmony’ with temporal and active media. In Proceedings of the Summer 1991 USENIX Conference. (Nashville, Tenn., June). 75--93.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. Hamakawa, R. and Rekimoto, J. 1994. Object composition and playback models for handling multimedia data. Multimed. Syst. 2, 26--35. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. Hardman, L. 1998. Modelling and authoring hypermedia documents. Ph.D. dissertation. Univ. Amsterdam. ISBN: 90-74795-93-5. (Available at http://www.cwi.nl/~lynda/thesis/.)Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. Hardman, L. and Bulterman, D. C. A. 1995. Authoring support for durable interactive multimedia presentation. In State of the Art Report in Eurographics'95 (Maastricht, The Netherlands, Aug. 29--Sept. 1). (Available at http://ftp.cwi.nl/mmpapers/eg95/pa.gz.)Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Hardman, L., Bulterman, D. C. A., and Van Rossum, G. 1994. The Amsterdam hypermedia model: Adding tune and context to the Dexter model. Commun. ACM 37, 2(Feb.), 50--62. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. Hardman, L., Schmitz, P., Van Ossenbruggen, J., Ten Kate, W. R. T., and Rutledge, L. 2000. The link vs. the event: Activating and deactivating elements in time-based hypermedia. In New Rev. Hypermed. Multimed. 6 89--109.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. Hardman, L., Van Rossum G., and Bulterman, D. C. A. 1993. Structured multimedia authoring. In Proceedings of ACM Multimedia '93 (Anaheim, Clif., Aug.). ACM, New York, 283--289. Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Hodges, M. E., Sasnett, R. M., and Ackerman, M. S. 1989. A construction set for multimedia applications. IEEE Soft. (6), 1(Jan.), 37--43. Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  20. Ietf (Internet Engineering Task Force). 1996. Realtime streaming protocol, http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/rtp/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. Iso (International Standards Organization). 1999. ISO/IEC 14496:1999 (MPEG-4), Available at: http://wwwam.HHI.DE/mpeg-video/standards/mpeg-4.htm.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. Koegel (Buford), J. F. and Heines, J. M. 1993. Improving visual programming languages for multimedia authoring. In Proceedings of ED-MEDIA '93, World Conference on Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia (Charlottsville, Va, June,) 286--293.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  23. Koegel (Buford), J. F. (ED.). 1994. Multimedia Systems. Addison-Wesley, New York. ISBN 0-201-53258-1. Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  24. Little, T. D. C. and ghafoor, A. 1990. Multimedia object models for synchronization and databases. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Data Engineering, (Los Angeles, Calif.), pages 20--27. Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  25. Macromedia. 1997. Authorware version 4. Director version 6. See: http://www.macromedia.com/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  26. Ogawa, R., Harada, H., and Kaneko, A. 1990. Scenario-based hypermedia: A model and a system. In Proceedings of ECHT '90 (Nov.). INRIA France, 38--51. Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  27. Rubin, B. and Davenport, G. 1989. Structured content modeling for cinematic information. SIGCHI Bull. (Oct.). 21 2, 78--79. Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  28. Siochi, A., Fox, E. A., Hix, D., Schwartz, E. E., Narasimhan, A., and Wake, W. 1991. The integrator: A prototype for flexible development of interactive digital multimedia applications. Interact. Multimed. 2 (3), 5--26.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  29. Soares, L. F. G., Rodrigues, R., and Muchaluat Saade, D. 2000. Modeling, authoring and formatting hypermedia documents in the HyperProp system, Multimed. Syst. 8 (2). 118--134. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  30. Tien, T. T. and Roisin, C. 2002. A multimedia model based on structured media and sub-elements for complex multimedia authoring and presentation. Internat. J. Softw. Eng. Knowl. Eng. 12 (5), 473--500.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  31. Van Rossum, G. and Drake, F. 2003. A introduction to Python. Network Theory, Ltd. (See also: http://www.python.org/.) Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  32. Van Rossum, G., Jansen, J., Mullender, K. S., and Bulterman, D. C. A. 1993. CMIFed: a presentation environment for portable hypermedia documents. In Proceedings of ACM Multimedia'93 (Anaheim, Calif. Aug.). ACM, New York, 183--188. Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  33. Wam Reasearch Group 2003. The LimSee2 Authoring System for SMIL. See: http://wam.inrialpes.fr/software/limsee2/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  34. W3C (World Wide Web Consortium). 2001. Synchronized multimedia integration language, version 2.0.W3C Recommendation. Editors: J. Ayers, D. C. A. Bulterman, A. Cohen, et al., http://www.w3.org/TR/Rec-smil20/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

Index Terms

  1. Structured multimedia authoring

        Recommendations

        Comments

        Login options

        Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

        Sign in

        Full Access

        • Published in

          cover image ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications
          ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications  Volume 1, Issue 1
          February 2005
          125 pages
          ISSN:1551-6857
          EISSN:1551-6865
          DOI:10.1145/1047936
          Issue’s Table of Contents

          Copyright © 2005 ACM

          Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

          Publisher

          Association for Computing Machinery

          New York, NY, United States

          Publication History

          • Published: 1 February 2005
          Published in tomm Volume 1, Issue 1

          Permissions

          Request permissions about this article.

          Request Permissions

          Check for updates

          Qualifiers

          • article

        PDF Format

        View or Download as a PDF file.

        PDF

        eReader

        View online with eReader.

        eReader