Mark Pauly
Richard Keiser
Philip Dutré
Abstract
We present a new meshless animation framework for elastic and plastic materials that fracture. Central to our method is a highly dynamic surface and volume sampling method that supports arbitrary crack initiation, propagation, and termination, while avoiding many of the stability problems of traditional mesh-based techniques. We explicitly model advancing crack fronts and associated fracture surfaces embedded in the simulation volume. When cutting through the material, crack fronts directly affect the coupling between simulation nodes, requiring a dynamic adaptation of the nodal shape functions. We show how local visibility tests and dynamic caching lead to an efficient implementation of these effects based on point collocation. Complex fracture patterns of interacting and branching cracks are handled using a small set of topological operations for splitting, merging, and terminating crack fronts. This allows continuous propagation of cracks with highly detailed fracture surfaces, independent of the spatial resolution of the simulation nodes, and provides effective mechanisms for controlling fracture paths. We demonstrate our method for a wide range of materials, from stiff elastic to highly plastic objects that exhibit brittle and/or ductile fracture.
Supplemental Material
- Alexa, M., and Adamson, A. 2004. On normals and projection operators for surfaces defined by point sets. In Proceedings of Eurographics Symposium on Point-Based Graphics, 150--155. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Anderson, T. L. 1995. Fracture Mechanics. CRC Press.Google Scholar
- Belytschko. T., Lu. Y., and Gu, L. 1994. Element-free galerkin methods. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 37, 229--256.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Belytschko. T., Krongauz, Y., Organ, D., Fleming, M., and Krysl, P. 1996. Meshless methods: An overview and recent developments. Comp. Meth. in Appl. Mech. Eng. 139, 3.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Belytschko. T., Chen, H., Xu, J., and Zi, G. 2003. Dynamic crack propagation based on loss of hyperbolicity and a new discontinuous enrichment. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 58, 1873--1905.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Bielser. D., Glardon, P., Teschner, M., and Gross, M. 2003. A state machine for real-time cutting of tetrahedral meshes. In Pacific Graphics, 377--386. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Carlson, M., Mucha, P., Van Horn III, B., and Turk, G. 2002. Melting and flowing. In Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chang, J., and Zhang, J. J. 2004. Mesh-free deformations. In Comp. Anim. Virtual Worlds. 211--218. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chung, T. J. 1996. Applied Continuum Mechanics. Cambridge Univ. Press, NY.Google Scholar
- Debunne, G., Desbrun, M., Cani, M.-P., and Barr, A. 2001. Dynamic real-time deformations using space & time adaptive sampling. In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, ACM SIGGRAPH 2001, 31--36. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Desbrun, M., and Cani, M.-P. 1995. Animating soft substances with implicit surfaces. In Computer Graphics Proceedings, ACM SIGGRAPH, 287--290. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Desbrun, M., and Cani, M.-P. 1996. Smoothed particles: A new paradigm for animating highly deformable bodies. In 6th Eurographics Workshop on Computer Animation and Simulation '96, 61--76. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Desbrun, M., and Cani, M.-P. 1999. Space-time adaptive simulation of highly deformable substances. Tech. rep., INRIA Nr. 3829.Google Scholar
- Fedkiw, R., Stam, J., and Jensen, H. W. 2001. Visual simulation of smoke. In SIGGRAPH 2001, Computer Graphics Proceedings, ACM Press / ACM SIGGRAPH, E. Fiume, Ed., 15--22. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Feldman, B. E., O'Brien, J. F., and Arikan, O. 2003. Animating suspended particle explosions. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2003, 708--715. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Fernandez-Mendez, S., and Huerta, A. 2004. Imposing essential boundary conditions in mesh-free methods. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 193, 1257--1275.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Fries, T. P., and Matthies, H. G. 2003. Classification and overview of meshfree methods. Tech. rep., TU Brunswick, Germany Nr. 2003--03.Google Scholar
- Guibas, L. J., and Marimont, D. H. 1995. Rounding arrangements dynamically. In SCG '95: Proceedings of the eleventh annual symposium on Computational geometry, ACM Press, 190--199. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hirota, K., Tanoue, Y., and Kaneko, T. 1998. Generation of crack patterns with a physical model. Vis. Comput. 14, 126--137.Google ScholarCross Ref
- James, D. L., and Pai, D. K. 1999. Artdefo, accurate real time deformable objects. In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, ACM SIGGRAPH 99, 65--72. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Keiser, R., Müller, M., Heidelberger, B., Teschner, M., and Gross, M. 2004. Contact handling for deformable point-based objects. In Proceedings of VMV.Google Scholar
- Krysl, P., and Belytschko, T. 1999. The element free galerkin method for dynamic propagation of arbitrary 3-d cracks. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 44, 767--800.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Lancaster, P., and Salkauskas. K. 1981. Surfaces generated by moving least squares methods. Mathematics of Computation 87, 141--158.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Liu, G. R. 2002. Mesh-Free Methods. CRC Press.Google Scholar
- Molino, N., Bao, Z., and Fedkiw, R. 2004. A virtual node algorithm for changing mesh topology during simulation. ACM Trans. Graph. 23, 3, 385--392. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Müller, M., and Gross. M. 2004. Interactive virtual materials. In Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Graphics interface, Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society, 239--246. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Müller, M., McMillan, L., Dorsey, J., and Jagnow, R. 2001. Real-time simulation of deformation and fracture of stiff materials. EUROGRAPHICS 2001 Computer Animation and Simulation Workshop, 27--34. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Müller, M., Keiser, R., Nealen, A., Pauly, M., Gross, M., and Alexa, M. 2004. Point based animation of elastic, plastic and melting objects. Proceedings of 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, 141--151. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nguyen, D. Q., Fedkiw, R., and Jensen, H. W. 2002. Physically based modeling and animation of fire. In Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. ACM Press, 721--728. Google ScholarDigital Library
- O'BRIEN, J. F., AND HODGINS, J. K. 1999. Graphical modeling and animation of brittle fracture. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1999, 287--296. Google ScholarDigital Library
- O'BRIEN, J. F., BARGTEIL, A. W., AND HODGINS, J. K. 2002. Graphical modeling and animation of ductile fracture. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2002, 291--294. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Organ, D., Fleming, M., Terry. T., and Belytschko, T. 1996. Continuous meshless approximations for nonconvex bodies by diffraction and transparency. Computational Mechanics 18, 1--11.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ortiz, M., and Pandolfi, A. 1999. Finite-deformation irreversible cohesive elements for three-dimensional crack-propagation analysis. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 44, 1267--1282.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Pauly, M., Keiser, R., Kobbelt, L. P., and Gross, M. 2003. Shape modeling with point-sampled geometry. ACM Trans. Graph. 22, 3, 641--650. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Smith, J., Witkin, A., and Baraff, D. 2000. Fast and controllable simulation of the shattering of brittle objects. In Graphics Interface, 27--34.Google Scholar
- Sukumar, N., Mos, N., Moran, B., and Belytschko, T. 2000. Extended finite element method for three-dimensional crack modeling. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 48, 11, 1549--1570.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Terzopoulos, D., and Fleischer, K. 1988. Modeling inelastic deformation: viscolelasticity, plasticity, fracture. In Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, ACM Press, 269--278. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Terzopoulos, D., Platt, J., Barr, A., and Fleischer, K. 1987. Elastically deformable models. In Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, ACM SIGGRAPH 87, 205--214. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Teschner, M., Heidelberger, B., Müller, M., Pomeranets, D., and Gross, M. 2003. Optimized spatial hashing for collision detection of deformable objects. In Proc. Vision, Modeling, Visualization VMV, 47--54.Google Scholar
- Ventura, G., Xu, J., and Belytschko, T. 2002. A vector level set method and new discontinuity approximations for crack growth by efg. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 54, 923--944.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Wicke, M., Teschner, M., and Gross, M. 2004. Csg tree rendering of point-sampled objects. In Proceedings of Pacific Graphics 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zhang, X., Liu, X.-H., Song, K.-Z., and Lu, M.-W. 2001. Least-squares collocation meshless method. Int. J. Numer Meth. Engng 51, 1089--1100.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Meshless animation of fracturing solids
Recommendations
Meshless animation of fracturing solids
SIGGRAPH '05: ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 PapersWe present a new meshless animation framework for elastic and plastic materials that fracture. Central to our method is a highly dynamic surface and volume sampling method that supports arbitrary crack initiation, propagation, and termination, while ...
Graphical modeling and animation of ductile fracture
SIGGRAPH '02: Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniquesIn this paper, we describe a method for realistically animating ductile fracture in common solid materials such as plastics and metals. The effects that characterize ductile fracture occur due to interaction between plastic yielding and the fracture ...
Graphical modeling and animation of ductile fracture
In this paper, we describe a method for realistically animating ductile fracture in common solid materials such as plastics and metals. The effects that characterize ductile fracture occur due to interaction between plastic yielding and the fracture ...
Comments