Xiang Ao
ABSTRACT
Raw digital ink is informal and unstructured. Its editing, especially its selection, is often inefficient. In this paper, we present approaches to structuralize raw digital ink as multiple hierarchies to facilitate its selection. First a link model is built to organize ink as a mesh-like structure. Based on the link model, the isolated stroke groups form patches. In each patch, textual and graphical areas are separated. Then, each textual area is segmented into text lines, and each text line is partitioned to words. We also design gestures for selecting structured ink. Experiments showed that our ink-structuralizing approaches are effective and selecting structured ink by our gestures considerably outperforms selecting raw ink.
- C. M. Bishop, M. Svensén, G. E. Hinton. Distinguishing Text from Graphics in On-line Handwritten Ink, 2004?IWFHR-9 F. Kimura and H. Fujisawa 142--147. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Elisabetta Bruzzone, Meri Cristina Coffetti: An Algorithm for Extracting Cursive Text Lines. ICDAR 1999: pp. 749--752. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eric W. Weisstein. "Delaunay Triangulation." http://mathworld.wolfram.com/DelaunayTriangulation.htmlGoogle Scholar
- Hideaki Goto, Hirotomo Aso, Extracting curved text lines using local linearity of the text line, IJDAR (1999) 2: pp. 111--119.Google Scholar
- Igarashi T., Matsuoka, S. and Masui, T. Adaptive Recognition of Human-Organized Implicit Structures, In Proceedings of Visual Languages '95, pp.258--266. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jisheng Liang, Robert M. Haralick, Ihsin T. Phillips: A Statistically based, Highly Accurate Text-line Segmentation Method. ICDAR 1999: pp. 551--554. Google ScholarDigital Library
- KEISUKE MOCHIDA and MASAKI NAKAGAWA, Separating Figure, Mathematical Formula and Japanese Text from Free Handwriting In Mixed Online Documents. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence Vol. 18, No. 7, 2004, pp.1173--1187.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Koffka, K., Perception: An introduction to Gestalt-theorie. Psychological Bulletin, 19: pp. 531--585.Google ScholarCross Ref
- L. O'Gorman, The document spectrum for page layout analysis, IEEE Trans. on P.A.M.I., vol. 15, pp. 1162--1173, 1993. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Li, Y., Guan, Z.,Wang, H., Dai, G., and Ren, X. Structuralizing Freeform Notes by Implicit Sketch Understanding, In AAAI 2002 Spring Symposium on Sketch Understanding, AAAI TR.SS-02-08.Google Scholar
- Markus Feldbach, Klaus D. Tönnies: Line Detection and Segmentation in Historical Church Registers. ICDAR 2001: pp. 743--747. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Martin Wattenberg and Danyel Fisher. A Model of Multi-Scale Perceptual Organization in Information Graphics. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, October 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Moran, T.P., Chiu, P., Melle, W.v., Kurtenbach, G. Implicit Structures for Pen-Based Systems within a Freeform Interaction Paradigm. CHI '95 (Denver, Colorado, 1995), ACM Press, pp. 487--494. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Pu Y. and Shi Z., A natural learning algorithm based on Hough transform for text lines extraction in handwritten documents, In Proceedings 6th IWFHR 1998, pp. 637--646.Google Scholar
- Saund, E., and Moran, T., A Perceptually Supported Sketch Editor, Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST), Marina del Rey, CA., November, 1994. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Saund, E., Fleet, D., Larner, D., and Mahoney, J., Perceptually-Supported Image Editing of Text and Graphics, Proc. UIST '03 (ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology), pp. 183--192. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Saund, E., Mahoney, J., Fleet, D., Larner, D., and Lank, E., Perceptual Organization as a Foundation for Intelligent Sketch Editing, 2002 AAAI Spring Symposium on Sketch Understanding, pp. 118--125.Google Scholar
- Seong-Whan Lee and Dae-Seok Ryu, IEEE. Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 23, No. 11, pp.1240--1256, November 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- U. Pal, S. Sinha and B. B. Chaudhuri, Multi-Oriented Text lines Detection and Their Skew Estimation, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 2749 2003, Chapter: pp. 1146--1153. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zhixin Shi, Venu Govindaraju: Skew Detection for Complex Document Images Using Fuzzy Runlength. ICDAR 2003: pp.715--71. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Structuralizing digital ink for efficient selection
Recommendations
Effect of Text/Non-text Classification for Ink Search Employing String Recognition
DAS '12: Proceedings of the 2012 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis SystemsThis paper presents the effect of text/non-text classification for ink search which employs string recognition. Pen or touch interfaces provides the benefit that users can write text and draw figures without changing the device or mode, but line ...
A Data-Driven Personalized Digital Ink for Chinese Characters
MMM 2014: Proceedings of the 20th Anniversary International Conference on MultiMedia Modeling - Volume 8325In this paper, we propose a novel data-driven digital ink generating method for Chinese characters. When users write on tablets, they can select a specific rendering style from the predefined style database to generate character images in the selected ...
CMATERdb1: a database of unconstrained handwritten Bangla and Bangla–English mixed script document image
In this paper, we have described the preparation of a benchmark database for research on off-line Optical Character Recognition (OCR) of document images of handwritten Bangla text and Bangla text mixed with English words. This is the first handwritten ...
Comments