skip to main content
article
Open Access
Seminal Paper

Procedural modeling of buildings

Published:01 July 2006Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

CGA shape, a novel shape grammar for the procedural modeling of CG architecture, produces building shells with high visual quality and geometric detail. It produces extensive architectural models for computer games and movies, at low cost. Context sensitive shape rules allow the user to specify interactions between the entities of the hierarchical shape descriptions. Selected examples demonstrate solutions to previously unsolved modeling problems, especially to consistent mass modeling with volumetric shapes of arbitrary orientation. CGA shape is shown to efficiently generate massive urban models with unprecedented level of detail, with the virtual rebuilding of the archaeological site of Pompeii as a case in point.

Skip Supplemental Material Section

Supplemental Material

p614-muller-high.mov

mov

615.1 KB

p614-muller-low.mov

mov

23.8 MB

References

  1. Aichholzer, O., Aurenhammer, F., Alberts, D., and Gaertner, B. 1995. A novel type of skeleton for polygons. Journal of Universal Computer Science 12, 12, 752--761.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S., and Silverstein, M. 1977. A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction. Oxford University Press, New York.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. Berg, M. D., Kreveld, M. V., Overmars, M., and Schwarzkopf, O. 2000. Computational Geometry. Springer-Verlag.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. Ching, F. D. K. 1996. A Visual Dictionary of Architecture. Wiley.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. Davis, M., Sigal, R., Weyuker, E. J., and Davis, M. D. 1994. Computability, Complexity, and Languages: Fundamentals of Theoretical Computer Science. Academic Press. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. Downing, F., and Flemming, U. 1981. The bungalows of buffalo. Environment and Planning B 8, 269--293.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  7. Duarte, J. 2002. Malagueira Grammar -- towards a tool for customizing Alvaro Siza's mass houses at Malagueira. PhD thesis, MIT School of Architecture and Planning.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. Ehrig, H., Engels, G., Kreowski, H.-J., and Rozenberg, G. 1999. Handbook of Graph Grammars and Computing by Graph Transformation: Applications, Languages and Tools. World Scientific Publishing Company. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Eppstein, D., and Erickson, J. 1999. Raising roofs, crashing cycles, and playing pool: applications of a data structure for finding pairwise interactions. In Proceedings of the 14th Annual Symposium on Computational Geometry, ACM Press, 58--67. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. Flemming, U. 1987. More than the sum of its parts: the grammar of queen anne houses. Environment and Planning B 14, 323--350.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  11. Havemann, S. 2005. Generative Mesh Modeling. PhD thesis, TU Braunschweig.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. Hillier, B. 1996. Space Is The Machine: A Configurational Theory Of Architecture. Cambridge University Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. Knuth, D. 1968. Semantics of context-free languages. Mathematical Systems Theory 2, 2, 127--145.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  14. Koning, H., and Eizenberg, J. 1981. The language of the prairie: Frank lloyd wrights prairie houses. Environment and Planning B 8, 295--323.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  15. Le Corbusier. 1985. Towards a New Architecture. Dover Publications.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Legakis, J., Dorsey, J., and Gortler, S. J. 2001. Feature-based cellular texturing for architectural models. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2001, ACM Press, E. Fiume, Ed., 309--316. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. Mäntylä, M. 1986. Boolean operations of 2-manifolds through vertex neighborhood classification. ACM Transactions on Graphics 5, 1, 1--29. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. March, L., and Steadman, P. 1974. The Geometry of Environment. MIT Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Měch, R., and Prusinkiewicz, P. 1996. Visual models of plants interacting with their environment. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 96, ACM Press, H. Rushmeier, Ed., 397--410. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. Mitchell, W. J. 1990. The Logic of Architecture: Design, Computation, and Cognition. MIT Press. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. Parish, Y. I. H., and Müller, P. 2001. Procedural modeling of cities. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2001, ACM Press, E. Fiume, Ed., 301--308. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  22. Prusinkiewicz, P., and Lindenmayer, A. 1991. The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants. Springer Verlag. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. Prusinkiewicz, P., James, M., and Měch, R. 1994. Synthetic topiary. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 94, ACM Press, A. Glassner, Ed., 351--358. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  24. Prusinkiewicz, P., Mündermann, P., Karwowski, R., and Lane, B. 2001. The use of positional information in the modeling of plants. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2001, ACM Press, E. Fiume, Ed., 289--300. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  25. Schmitt, G. 1993. Architectura et machina. Vieweg & Sohn.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  26. Shubnikov, A. V., and Koptsik, V. A. 1974. Symmetry in Science and Art. Plenum Press, New York.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  27. Sipser, M. 1996. Introduction to the Theory of Computation. Course Technology, Boston. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  28. Stiny, G., and Mitchell, W. J. 1978. The palladian grammar. Environment and Planning B 5, 5--18.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  29. Stiny, G. 1975. Pictorial and Formal Aspects of Shape and Shape Grammars. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  30. Stiny, G. 1980. Introduction to shape and shape grammars. Environment and Planning B 7, 343--361.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  31. Stiny, G. 1982. Spatial relations and grammars. Environment and Planning B 9, 313--314.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  32. Weyl, H. 1952. Symmetry. Princeton University Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  33. Wonka, P., Wimmer, M., Sillion, F., and Ribarsky, W. 2003. Instant architecture. ACM Transactions on Graphics 22, 3, 669--677. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. Procedural modeling of buildings

                  Recommendations

                  Comments

                  Login options

                  Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

                  Sign in

                  Full Access

                  • Published in

                    cover image ACM Transactions on Graphics
                    ACM Transactions on Graphics  Volume 25, Issue 3
                    July 2006
                    742 pages
                    ISSN:0730-0301
                    EISSN:1557-7368
                    DOI:10.1145/1141911
                    Issue’s Table of Contents
                    • cover image ACM Overlay Books
                      Seminal Graphics Papers: Pushing the Boundaries, Volume 2
                      August 2023
                      893 pages
                      ISBN:9798400708978
                      DOI:10.1145/3596711
                      • Editor:
                      • Mary C. Whitton

                    Copyright © 2006 ACM

                    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

                    Publisher

                    Association for Computing Machinery

                    New York, NY, United States

                    Publication History

                    • Published: 1 July 2006
                    Published in tog Volume 25, Issue 3

                    Permissions

                    Request permissions about this article.

                    Request Permissions

                    Check for updates

                    Qualifiers

                    • article

                  PDF Format

                  View or Download as a PDF file.

                  PDF

                  eReader

                  View online with eReader.

                  eReader