ABSTRACT
To study the impact of inter-vehicle communications on (vehicular) transport efficiency, e.g., for traffic management purposes, there is a need for efficient and accurate large-scale simulations that jointly consider both, the vehicular traffic and the communication system. To overcome the scalability limitations of current discrete event-based network simulators like NS-2, we propose a hybrid simulation approach that can significantly reduce the number of scheduled events by making use of statistical models. Basically, we treat some data traffic, which is not the primary concern of the simulation study, as 'noise' (e.g., beaconing of nodes). While accurately modeling this background traffic we only need to simulate via discrete event-based simulation the actual application we are interested in (e.g., a data dissemination protocol). We outline how the characterization of the background traffic is gained, statistically validated and used. The achievable speed-up is demonstrated in a first application study where a speed funnel is built using inter-vehicle communications. In this scenario, the conservatively estimated speed-up factor is about 500 compared to a pure discrete event-based simulation.
- "Network Simulator ns-2," http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/Google Scholar
- H. D. Schwetman, "Hybrid simulation models of computer systems," in Communications of the ACM, vol. 21, no. 9., pp. 718--723, Sept. 1978. Google ScholarDigital Library
- "PTV AG traffic mobility logistics," http://www.ptv.deGoogle Scholar
- C. Gorgorin, V. Gradinescu, R. Diaconescu, V. Cristea, and L. Iftode, "An integrated vehicular and network simulator for vehicular ad-hoc networks," in Proc. 20th European Simulation and Modelling Conference (ESM), Toulouse, France, Oct. 2006.Google Scholar
- S. Eichler, B. Ostermaier, C. Schroth, and T. Kosch, "Simulation of car-to-car messaging: analyzing the impact on road traffic," in Proc. 13th IEEE Int. Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS), Atlanta, GA, USA, pp. 507--510, Sept. 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Lochert, M. Caliskan, B. Scheuermann, A. Barthels, A. Cervantes, and M. Mauve, "Multiple simulator interlinking environment for inter vehicle communication," in Proc. 2nd ACM Int. Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET), Cologne, Germany, pp. 87--88, Sept. 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. G. Sargent, "A historical view on hybrid simulation/analytic models," in Proc. 1994 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, pp. 383--386, Dec. 1994. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. G. Shantikumar and R. Sargent, "A unifying view of hybrid simulation/analytic models and modeling," in Operations Research, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 1030--1052, Nov.-Dec. 1983.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Guo, W. Gong, and D. Towsley, "Time-stepped hybrid simulation (TSHS) for large scale networks," in Proc. 19th Annual IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), Tel Aviv, Israel, pp. 441--450, March 2000.Google Scholar
- R. G. Sargent, "Validation and verification of simulation models," in Proc. 2004 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), Washington, D.C., USA, pp. 17--28, Dec. 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- V. Taliwal, D. Jiang, H. Mangold, C. Chen, and R. Sengupta, "Empirical determination of channel characteristics for DSRC vehicle-to-vehicle communication," in Proc. 1st ACM Int. Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET), Philadelphia, PA, USA, p. 88, Oct. 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Q. Chen, D. Jiang, V. Taliwal, and L. Delgrossi, "IEEE 802.11 based vehicular communication simulation design for NS-2," in Proc. 3rd Int. Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET), Los Angeles, CA, USA, pp. 50--56, Sept. 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- F. Schmidt-Eisenlohr, M. Torrent-Moreno, J. Mittag, and H. Hartenstein, "Simulation platform for inter-vehicle communications and analysis of periodic information exchange," in Proc. 4th Conference on Wireless On demand Network Systems and Services (WONS), Obergurgl, Austria, pp. 50--58, Jan. 2007.Google Scholar
- Q. Chen, F. Schmidt-Eisenlohr, D. Jiang, M. Torrent-Moreno, L. Delgrossi, and H. Hartenstein, "Overhaul of IEEE 802.11 modeling and simulation architecture in NS-2," appears in Proc. 10th ACM/IEEE Int. Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems (MSWIM), Chania, Greece, Oct. 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Rappaport, Wireless Communications, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, and B.P. Flannery, Numerical Recipes in C The Art of Scientific Computing, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 1992. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A.M. Law, Simulation Modeling and Analysis, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. K. Simon and M.-S. Alouini, Digital Communication over Fading Channels, Wiley & Sons, 2004.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Enabling efficient and accurate large-scale simulations of VANETs for vehicular traffic management
Recommendations
Green wave-based virtual traffic light management scheme with VANETs
Green intelligent transportation systems GITS have received significant attention in recent years. Traffic congestion, which is an important research topic on intelligent transportation systems ITS, is rapidly becoming one of the most serious problems ...
Federating of MITSIMLab and ns-2 for realistic vehicular network simulation
Mobility '07: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on mobile technology, applications, and systems and the 1st international symposium on Computer human interaction in mobile technologyIn the near future, more vehicles are expected to be equipped with on-board devices that would permit wireless networking between vehicles on the road, and between vehicles and infrastructure, e.g. base stations, for the purpose of safety, entertainment,...
Vehicular mobility simulation with VanetMobiSim
During the last few years, continuous progresses in wireless communications have opened new research fields in computer networking, aimed at extending data networks connectivity to environments where wired solutions are impracticable. Among these, ...
Comments