ABSTRACT
Approximation can increase performance or reduce power consumption with a simplified or inaccurate circuit in application contexts where strict requirements are relaxed. For applications related to human senses, approximate arithmetic can be used to generate sufficient results rather than absolutely accurate results. Approximate design exploits a tradeoff of accuracy in computation versus performance and power. However, required accuracy varies according to applications, and 100% accurate results are still required in some situations. In this paper, we propose an accuracy-configurable approximate (ACA) adder for which the accuracy of results is configurable <u>during runtime.</u> Because of its configurability, the ACA adder can adaptively operate in both approximate (inaccurate) mode and accurate mode. The proposed adder can achieve significant throughput improvement and total power reduction over conventional adder designs. It can be used in accuracy-configurable applications, and improves the achievable tradeoff between performance/power and quality. The ACA adder achieves approximately 30% power reduction versus the conventional pipelined adder at the relaxed accuracy requirement.
- M. A. Breuer, "Intelligible Test Techniques to Support Error-Tolerance", Proc. Asian Test Symp., 2004, pp. 386--393. Google ScholarDigital Library
- I. Chong, H. Y. Cheong and A. Ortega, "New Quality Metric for Multimedia Compression Using Faulty Hardware", Proc. International Workshop on Video Processing and Quality Metrics for Consumer Electronics, 2006, pp. 267--272.Google Scholar
- J. George, B. Marr, B. E. S. Akgul and K. V. Palem, "Probabilistic Arithmetic and Energy Efficient Embedded Signal Processing", Proc. CASES, 2006, pp. 158--168. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Ghosh and K. Roy, "Parameter Variation Tolerance and Error Resiliency: New Design Paradigm for the Nanoscale Era", Proceedings of the IEEE 98(10) (2010), pp. 1718--1751.Google ScholarCross Ref
- P. Kulkarni, P. Gupta and M. Ercegovac, "Trading Accuracy for Power with an Underdesigned Multiplier Architecture", Proc. IEEE/ACM International Conference on VLSI Design, 2011, pp. 346--351. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. S. Lau, K.-V. Ling and Y.-C. Chu, "Energy-Aware Probabilistic Multiplier: Design and Analysis", Proc. CASES, 2009, pp. 281--290. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S.-L. Lu, "Speeding Up Processing with Approximation Circuits", IEEE Computer 37(3) (2004) pp. 67--73. Google ScholarDigital Library
- H. D. Mohammed and L. Hemmert, "Fast Pipelined Adder/Subtractor using Increment/Decrement Function with Reduced Register Utilization", U.S. Patent No. 7,007,059, 2006.Google Scholar
- B. J. Phillips, D. R. Kelly and B. W. Ng, "Estimating Adders for a Low Density Parity Check Decoder", Proc. SPIE, vol. 6313, 2006, pp. 1--9.Google ScholarCross Ref
- D. Shin and S. K. Gupta, "A Re-Design Technique for Datapath Modules in Error Tolerant Applications", Proc. Asian Test Symp., 2008, pp. 431--437. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. Shin and S. K. Gupta, "Approximate Logic Synthesis for Error Tolerant Applications", Proc. DATE, 2010, pp. 957--960. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. K. Verma, P. Brisk and P. Ienne, "Variable Latency Speculative Addition: A New Paradigm for Arithmetic Circuit Design", Proc. DATE, 2008, pp. 1250--1255. Google ScholarDigital Library
- N. Zhu, W. Goh and K. Yeo, "An Enhanced Low-Power High-Speed Adder For Error-Tolerant Application" Proc. Intl. Symp. on Integrated Circuits, 2009, pp. 69--72.Google Scholar
- N. Zhu, W. Goh, W. Zhang, K. Yeo and Z. Kong, "Design of Low-Power High-Speed Truncation-Error-Tolerant Adder and Its Application in Digital Signal Processing", IEEE Trans. on VLSI Systems 18(8) (2010), pp. 1225--1229. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Ziegler and M. Stan, "Optimal Logarithmic Adder Structures with a Fanout of Two for Minimizing the Area-Delay Product", Proc. ISCAS, 2001, pp. 657--660.Google ScholarCross Ref
- International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, 2009, http://www.itrs.net.Google Scholar
- Synopsys Design Compiler User's Manual. http://www.synopsys.com.Google Scholar
- NC-Sim User's Manual. http://www.cadence.com.Google Scholar
- Cadence LC User's Manual. http://www.cadence.com.Google Scholar
- Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) CPU2006. http://www.spec.org/cpu2006.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Accuracy-configurable adder for approximate arithmetic designs
Recommendations
Adder designs using reversible logic gates
A new reversible logic gate was proposed in Ref. [1]. This gate can be used to implement any classical Boolean logic function. This paper shows the application of the reversible gate in implementing ripple carry, carry skip and carry look-ahead adders. ...
Accuracy Configurable Modified Booth Multiplier Using Approximate Adders
INIS '15: Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Nanoelectronic and Information Systems (iNIS)High speed multipliers are an essential component for real time multimedia applications. Majority of these applications can tolerate some amount of error in output of the multiplier and error permissible can dynamically vary within an application. This ...
A binary floating-point adder with the signed-digit number arithmetic
CEA'07: Proceedings of the 2007 annual Conference on International Conference on Computer Engineering and ApplicationsIn a conventional binary floating-point number arithmetic system, two's complement number representation is often used to perform addition/subtraction in a floating-point adder. Since the significand of an addition operand is usually expressed as a sign-...
Comments