Ryoichi Ando
Nils Thürey
Abstract
We introduce a new method for efficiently simulating liquid with extreme amounts of spatial adaptivity. Our method combines several key components to drastically speed up the simulation of large-scale fluid phenomena: We leverage an alternative Eulerian tetrahedral mesh discretization to significantly reduce the complexity of the pressure solve while increasing the robustness with respect to element quality and removing the possibility of locking. Next, we enable subtle free-surface phenomena by deriving novel second-order boundary conditions consistent with our discretization. We couple this discretization with a spatially adaptive Fluid-Implicit Particle (FLIP) method, enabling efficient, robust, minimally-dissipative simulations that can undergo sharp changes in spatial resolution while minimizing artifacts. Along the way, we provide a new method for generating a smooth and detailed surface from a set of particles with variable sizes. Finally, we explore several new sizing functions for determining spatially adaptive simulation resolutions, and we show how to couple them to our simulator. We combine each of these elements to produce a simulation algorithm that is capable of creating animations at high maximum resolutions while avoiding common pitfalls like inaccurate boundary conditions and inefficient computation.
Supplemental Material
Available for Download
Supplemental material.
- Adams, B., Pauly, M., Keiser, R., and Guibas, L. J. 2007. Adaptively sampled particle fluids. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers, 48. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Ando, R., Thuerey, N., and Tsuruno, R. 2012. Preserving Fluid Sheets with Adaptively Sampled Anisotropic Particles. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 18 (8), 1202--1214. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Batty, C., and Bridson, R. 2008. Accurate viscous free surfaces for buckling, coiling, and rotating liquids. In Proceedings of the 2008 ACM/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, 219--228. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Batty, C., Bertails, F., and Bridson, R. 2007. A fast variational framework for accurate solid-fluid coupling. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 3 (July). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Batty, C., Xenos, S., and Houston, B. 2010. Tetrahedral embedded boundary methods for accurate and flexible adaptive fluids. In Proceedings of Eurographics.Google Scholar
- Bhattacharya, H., Gao, Y., and Bargteil, A. W. 2011. A level-set method for skinning animated particle data. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Boyd, L., and Bridson, R. 2012. Multiflip for energetic two-phase fluid simulation. ACM Trans. Graph. 31, 2, 16:1--16:12. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bridson, R. 2008. Fluid Simulation for Computer Graphics. AK Peters/CRC Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Brochu, T., Batty, C., and Bridson, R. 2010. Matching fluid simulation elements to surface geometry and topology. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 4 (July), 47:1--47:9. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chentanez, N., Feldman, B. E., Labelle, F., O'Brien, J. F., and Shewchuk, J. R. 2007. Liquid simulation on lattice-based tetrahedral meshes. In Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, Eurographics Association, 219--228. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Clausen, P., Wicke, M., Shewchuk, J., and O'Brien, J. 2013. Simulating liquids and solid-liquid interactions with Lagrangian meshes. ACM Trans. Graph.. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Enright, D., Nguyen, D., Gibou, F., and Fedkiw, R. 2003. Using the Particle Level Set Method and a Second Order Accurate Pressure Boundary Condition for Free-Surface Flows. Proc. of the 4th ASME-JSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference.Google Scholar
- Enright, D., Losasso, F., and Fedkiw, R. 2005. A fast and accurate semi-Lagrangian particle level set method. Comput. Struct. 83, 6--7, 479--490. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Harlow, F., and Welch, E. 1965. Numerical calculation of time-dependent viscous incompressible flow of fluid with free surface. Phys. Fluids 8 (12), 2182--2189.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Hong, W., House, D. H., and Keyser, J. 2009. An adaptive sampling approach to incompressible particle-based fluid. In TPCG, Eurographics Association, W. Tang and J. P. Collomosse, Eds., 69--76.Google Scholar
- Irving, G., Schroeder, C., and Fedkiw, R. 2007. Volume conserving finite element simulations of deformable models. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 3 (July). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Klingner, B. M., Feldman, B. E., Chentanez, N., and O'Brien, J. F. 2006. Fluid animation with dynamic meshes. ACM Trans. Graph. 25, 3, 820--825. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Labelle, F., and Shewchuk, J. R. 2007. Isosurface stuffing: Fast tetrahedral meshes with good dihedral angles. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 3 (July). Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lew, A. J., and Buscaglia, G. C. 2008. A discontinuous-galerkin-based immersed boundary method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 76, 4, 427--454.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Losasso, F., Gibou, F., and Fedkiw, R. 2004. Simulating water and smoke with an octree data structure. ACM Trans. Graph. 23, 3 (Aug.), 457--462. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Losasso, F., Fedkiw, R., and Osher, S. 2005. Spatially adaptive techniques for level set methods and incompressible flow. Computers and Fluids 35, 2006.Google Scholar
- Misztal, M. K., Bridson, R., Erleben, K., Bærentzen, J. A., and Anton, F. 2010. Optimization-based fluid simulation on unstructured meshes. In VRIPHYS, Eurographics Association, 11--20.Google Scholar
- Mullen, P., Crane, K., Pavlov, D., Tong, Y., and Desbrun, M. 2009. Energy-preserving integrators for fluid animation. ACM Trans. Graph. 28 (July), 38:1--38:8. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Pfaff, T., Thuerey, N., Cohen, J., Tariq, S., and Gross, M. 2010. Scalable fluid simulation using anisotropic turbulence particles. In ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), vol. 29, ACM, 174. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sin, F., Bargteil, A. W., and Hodgins, J. K. 2009. A point-based method for animating incompressible flow. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Solenthaler, B., and Gross, M. 2011. Two-scale particle simulation. ACM Trans. Graph. 30, 4 (July), 81:1--81:8. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Stam, J. 1999. Stable fluids. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '99, ACM, 121--128. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wojtan, C., and Turk, G. 2008. Fast viscoelastic behavior with thin features. ACM Trans. Graph. 27, 3, 1--8. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yu, J., and Turk, G. 2010. Reconstructing surfaces of particle-based fluids using anisotropic kernels. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, Eurographics Association, 217--225. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zhu, Y., and Bridson, R. 2005. Animating sand as a fluid. ACM Trans. Graph. 24, 3 (July), 965--972. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Highly adaptive liquid simulations on tetrahedral meshes
Recommendations
Liquid simulation on lattice-based tetrahedral meshes
SCA '07: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animationWe describe a method for animating incompressible liquids with detailed free surfaces. For each time step, semi-Lagrangian contouring computes a new fluid boundary (represented as a fine surface triangulation) from the previous time step's fluid ...
Finite volume flow simulations on arbitrary domains
We present a novel method for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations that more accurately handles arbitrary boundary conditions and sharp geometric features in the fluid domain. It uses a space filling tetrahedral mesh, which can be created ...
Mass-Conserving Eulerian Liquid Simulation
We present a GPU friendly, Eulerian, free surface fluid simulation method that conserves mass locally and globally without the use of Lagrangian components. Local mass conservation prevents small-scale details of the free surface from disappearing, a ...
Comments