Di Zhu
Naehyuck Chang
Massoud Pedram
ABSTRACT
A comprehensive economic feasibility analysis and a cost-driven design methodology are essential to the successful application of hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) systems in electric vehicles (EVs). This paper thus focuses on designing a cost-effective and high-performance HEES system for EVs, comprising of a supercapacitor bank and a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery bank. In particular, the paper formulates the capacity provisioning problem for the EV HEES system so as to minimize the total system cost, utilizing accurate models of the battery cycle efficiency and state of health, characteristics of the supercapacitor bank, and dynamics of the EV. The aforesaid problem is subsequently solved by combining a gradient descent-based approach with a simulated annealing-based algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed EV HEES system achieves 21% lower total cost per day and 30% higher fuel economy compared to a baseline homogeneous electrical energy storage system comprised of Li-ion batteries only.
- Affanni, A., Bellini, A., Franceschini, G., Guglielmi, P., & Tassoni, C. "Battery choice and management for new-generation electric vehicles." Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on 52.5 (2005).Google Scholar
- Allegre, A. L., Bouscayrol, A., & Trigui, R. "Influence of control strategies on battery/supercapacitor hybrid Energy Storage Systems for traction applications." Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2009.Google Scholar
- Chen, M., & Rincon-Mora, G. A. "Accurate electrical battery model capable of predicting runtime and IV performance." Energy conversion, IEEE Transactions on 21.2 (2006).Google Scholar
- http://www.epa.gov/nvfel/testing/dynamometer.htm#area.Google Scholar
- Eddahech, Akram, et al. "Behavior and state-of-health monitoring of Li-ion batteries using impedance spectroscopy and recurrent neural networks."International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 42.1 (2012).Google Scholar
- EPA Test Procedures for Electric Vehicles and Plug-in Hybrids, 2011.Google Scholar
- Gerssen-Gondelach, S. J., Faaij, A., "Performance of batteries for electric vehicles on short and longer term", Journal of Power Sources 2012.Google Scholar
- International Energy Agency, "Technology Roadmap, Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles", 2009.Google Scholar
- Linden, D. & Reddy, T. B. Handbook of Batteries. McGrew-Hill Professional, 2001Google Scholar
- Lukic, S. M., Cao, J., Bansal, R. C., Rodriguez, F., & Emadi, A. "Energy storage systems for automotive applications." Industrial electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 55.6 (2008).Google Scholar
- Lukic, S. M., Wirasingha, S. G., Rodriguez, F., Cao, J., & Emadi, A. "Power management of an ultracapacitor/battery hybrid energy storage system in an HEV." Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2006.Google Scholar
- Luo, Z., et al. "Economic analyses of plug-in electric vehicle battery providing ancillary services." Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC), 2012.Google Scholar
- Markel, T., et al. "ADVISOR: a systems analysis tool for advanced vehicle modeling." Journal of power sources 110.2 (2002).Google Scholar
- Miller, J. M., Bohn, T., Dougherty, T. J., & Deshpande, U. "Why hybridization of energy storage is essential for future hybrid, plug-in and battery electric vehicles." Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009.Google Scholar
- Miller, J. M., Deshpande, U., Dougherty, T. J., & Bohn, T. "Power electronic enabled active hybrid energy storage system and its economic viability." Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2009.Google Scholar
- Ortúzar, M., Moreno, J., & Dixon, J. "Ultracapacitor-based auxiliary energy system for an electric vehicle: Implementation and evaluation." Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on 54.4 (2007).Google Scholar
- Park, S., Kim, Y., & Chang, N. "Hybrid energy storage systems and battery management for electric vehicles." Proceedings of the 50th Annual Design Automation Conference. ACM, 2013. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Pedram, M., Chang, N., Kim, Y., & Wang, Y. "Hybrid electrical energy storage systems." Low-Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED), 2010 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Shin, D., et al. "Battery-supercapacitor hybrid system for high-rate pulsed load applications." Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2011.Google Scholar
- Wang, L., Collins, E. G., & Li, H. "Optimal design and real-time control for energy management in electric vehicles." Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on 60.4 (2011).Google Scholar
- Wong, J. Y., Theory of ground vehicles. Wiley-Interscience, 2001.Google Scholar
- Xie, Q., et al. "State of health aware charge management in hybrid electrical energy storage systems." Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe. EDA Consortium, 2012. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zhang, Y., & Wang, C. Y. "Cycle-life characterization of automotive lithium-ion batteries with LiNiO2 cathode." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 156.7 (2009).Google Scholar
- Zhu, D., et al. (2013). Maximizing return on investment of a grid-connected hybrid electrical energy storage system. In ASP-DAC (pp. 638--643).Google Scholar
- Zhu, D., et al. (2013, September). Designing a residential hybrid electrical energy storage system based on the energy buffering strategy. In Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE-/ACM/IFIP International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis (p. 32). IEEE Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Cost-effective design of a hybrid electrical energy storage system for electric vehicles
Recommendations
Hybrid energy storage systems and battery management for electric vehicles
DAC '13: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Design Automation ConferenceElectric vehicles (EV) are considered as a strong alternative of internal combustion engine vehicles expecting lower carbon emission. However, their actual benefits are not yet clearly verified while the energy efficiency can be improved in many ways. ...
Coordination Dispatch of Electric Vehicles Charging/Discharging and Renewable Energy Resources Power in Microgrid
A large number of distributed powers access to the distribution network have a multifaceted impact on the power grid, while microgrid is an effective way to solve the impact of distributed generation on the power grid. In microgrid, the proportion of ...
The impact of electric vehicles on the german energy system
ANSS '16: Proceedings of the 49th Annual Simulation SymposiumThe bold aim of Germany's "National Electromobility Development Plan" is to have one million electric vehicles on the road by 2020 and up to six millions by 2030. The idea behind the electrification of the transport sector is the reduction of carbon ...
Comments