skip to main content
10.1145/2678025.2701382acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesiuiConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Spatio-Temporal Detection of Divided Attention in Reading Applications Using EEG and Eye Tracking

Authors Info & Claims
Published:18 March 2015Publication History

ABSTRACT

Reading is central to learning and communicating, however, divided attention in the form of distraction may be present in learning environments, resulting in a limited understanding of the reading material. This paper presents a novel system that can spatio-temporally detect divided attention in users during two different reading applications: typical document reading and speed reading. Eye tracking and electroencephalography (EEG) monitor the user during reading and provide a classifier with data to decide the user's attention state. The multimodal data informs the system where the user was distracted spatially in the user interface and when the user was distracted. Classification was evaluated with two exploratory experiments. The first experiment was designed to divide the user's attention with a multitasking scenario. The second experiment was designed to divide the users attention by simulating a real-world scenario where the reader is interrupted by unpredictable audio distractions. Results from both experiments show that divided attention may be detected spatio-temporally well above chance on a single-trial basis.

References

  1. Emotiv EPOC. http://www.emotiv.com/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. Spray Open Source Speed Reader. https://github.com/chaimpeck/spray/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. Spritz. http://www.spritzinc.com/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. The Eye Tribe Eye Tracker. http://www.theeyetribe.com/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. Ang, K. K., Chin, Z. Y., Zhang, H., and Guan, C. Filter bank common spatial pattern (FBCSP) in brain-computer interface. In IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2008. IJCNN 2008. (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence) (June 2008), 2390--2397.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. Berka, C., Levendowski, D. J., Cvetinovic, M. M., Petrovic, M. M., Davis, G., Lumicao, M. N., Zivkovic, V. T., Popovic, M. V., and Olmstead, R. Real-time analysis of EEG indexes of alertness, cognition, and memory acquired with a wireless EEG headset. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 17, 2 (June 2004), 151--170.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  7. Fernandes, M. A., and Moscovitch, M. Divided attention and memory: evidence of substantial interference effects at retrieval and encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General 129, 2 (June 2000), 155--176.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  8. Hamadicharef, B., Zhang, H., Guan, C., Wang, C., Phua, K. S., Tee, K. P., and Ang, K. K. Learning EEG-based spectral-spatial patterns for attention level measurement. In IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2009. ISCAS 2009 (May 2009), 1465--1468.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  9. Klimesch, W. EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis. Brain Research Reviews 29, 2--3 (Apr. 1999), 169--195.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  10. Liu, N.-H., Chiang, C.-Y., and Chu, H.-C. Recognizing the degree of human attention using EEG signals from mobile. Sensors 13, 8 (Aug. 2013), 10273--10286.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  11. Martínez-Gómez, P., and Aizawa, A. Recognition of understanding level and language skill using measurements of reading behavior. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, IUI '14, ACM (New York, NY, USA, 2014), 95--104. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  12. Olsson, P. Real-time and offline filters for eye tracking. Master Thesis (2007).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. Putze, F., Hild, J., Kärgel, R., Herff, C., Redmann, A., Beyerer, J., and Schultz, T. Locating user attention using eye tracking and EEG for spatio-temporal event selection. In Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, IUI '13, ACM (New York, NY, USA, 2013), 129--136. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. Turk, M., and Robertson, G. Perceptual user interfaces (introduction). Commun. ACM 43, 3 (Mar. 2000), 32--34. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. Yong, X., Fatourechi, M., Ward, R. K., and Birch, G. E. Automatic artefact removal in a self-paced hybrid braincomputer interface system. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 9, 1 (July 2012), 50.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref

Index Terms

  1. Spatio-Temporal Detection of Divided Attention in Reading Applications Using EEG and Eye Tracking

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Login options

    Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

    Sign in
    • Published in

      cover image ACM Conferences
      IUI '15: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
      March 2015
      480 pages
      ISBN:9781450333061
      DOI:10.1145/2678025

      Copyright © 2015 ACM

      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      • Published: 18 March 2015

      Permissions

      Request permissions about this article.

      Request Permissions

      Check for updates

      Qualifiers

      • research-article

      Acceptance Rates

      IUI '15 Paper Acceptance Rate47of205submissions,23%Overall Acceptance Rate746of2,811submissions,27%

    PDF Format

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader