ABSTRACT
Solid state drives (SSDs) have shown great potential for data-intensive computing due to their much higher throughput and lower energy consumption compared to traditional hard disk drives. Within an SSD, its Flash Translation Layer (FTL) is responsible for exposing the SSD's flash memory storage to the computer system as a simple block device. The FTL design is one of the dominant factors determining an SSD's lifespan and the amount of performance degradation. To deliver better performance, we propose a new, low-cost, adaptive separation-aware flash translation layer (ASA-FTL) that combines data clustering and selective caching of recency information to accurately identify and separate hot/cold data while incurring minimal overhead. Using simulations of ASA-FTL with real-world workloads, we have shown that our proposed approach reduces the garbage collection overhead by up to 28% and the overall response time by 15% compared to one of the most advanced existing FTLs.
- S. M. Strande, P. Cicotti, R. S. Sinkovits, W. S. Young, R. Wagner, M. Tatineni, E. Hocks, A. Snavely, and M. Norman, "Gordon: Design, performance, and experiences deploying and supporting a data intensive supercomputer," in XSEDE '12, 2012, pp. 3:1--3:8. Google ScholarDigital Library
- "Flash Technology in High-Performance Computing Accelerates Scientific Discovery," http://download.intel.com/newsroom/kits/xeon/phi/pdfs/SSD_HPC_SDSC_CaseStudy.pdf.Google Scholar
- P. Desnoyers, "Analytic Modeling of SSD Write Performance," in Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Systems and Storage Conference. ACM, 2012, p. 12. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Rosenblum and J. K. Ousterhout, "The Design and Implementation of a Log-structured File System," ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS), vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 26--52, 1992. Google ScholarDigital Library
- F. Chen, D. A. Koufaty, and X. Zhang, "Understanding Intrinsic Characteristics and System Implications of Flash Memory Based Solid State Drives," in Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, ser. SIGMETRICS '09. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Min, K. Kim, H. Cho, S. Lee, and Y. I. Eom, "SFS: Random Write Considered Harmful in Solid State Drives," in Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies, FAST 2012, San Jose, CA, USA, February 14-17, 2012, 2012. Google ScholarDigital Library
- I. Shin, "Hot/cold Clustering for Page Mapping in NAND Flash Memory," Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 1728--1731, 2011.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Q. Wei, B. Gong, S. Pathak, B. Veeravalli, L. Zeng, and K. Okada, "WAFTL: A Workload Adaptive Flash Translation Layer with Data Partition," in Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST), 2011 IEEE 27th Symposium on. IEEE, 2011, pp. 1--12. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Gupta, Y. Kim, and B. Urgaonkar, DFTL: A Flash Translation Layer Employing Demand-based Selective Caching of Page-level Address Mappings. ACM, 2009, vol. 44, no. 3. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Jiang and X. Zhang, "LIRS: an efficient low inter-reference recency set replacement policy to improve buffer cache performance," ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 31--42, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S.-W. Lee, D.-J. Park, T.-S. Chung, D.-H. Lee, S. Park, and H.-J. Song, "A Log Buffer-based Flash Translation Layer Using Fully-associative Sector Translation," ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS), vol. 6, no. 3, p. 18, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Kim, J. M. Kim, S. H. Noh, S. L. Min, and Y. Cho, "A Space-efficient Flash Translation Layer for Compact Flash Systems," Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 366--375, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- "Financial1 I/O trace, U Mass Trace Repository," http://traces.cs.umass.edu/index.php/.Google Scholar
- R. Cheveresan, M. Ramsay, C. Feucht, and I. Sharapov, "Characteristics of Workloads Used in High Performance and Technical Computing," in Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Supercomputing, ser. ICS '07, 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Kim, B. Tauras, A. Gupta, and B. Urgaonkar, "Flashsim: A Simulator for NAND Flash-based Solid-state Drives," in Advances in System Simulation, 2009. SIMUL'09. First International Conference on. IEEE, 2009, pp. 125--131. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. S. Buch, J. Schindler, S. W. Schlosser, G. R. Ganger et al., "The DiskSim Simulation Environment Version 4.0 Reference Manual," 2008.Google Scholar
- N. Megiddo and D. S. Modha, "ARC: A Self-Tuning, Low Overhead Replacement Cache," in Proceedings of the 2Nd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies, ser. FAST '03. Berkeley, CA, USA: USENIX Association, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- "IOTTA Repository, MSR/TPCC Cambridge Trace," http://iotta.snia.org/tracetypes/3.Google Scholar
- M.-L. Chiang, P. C. Lee, and R.-C. Chang, "Managing Flash Memory in Personal Communication Devices," in Consumer Electronics, 1997. ISCE'97., Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Symposium on. IEEE, 1997, pp. 177--182.Google Scholar
- S.-P. Lim, S.-W. Lee, and B. Moon, "FASTer FTL for Enterprise-class Flash Memory SSDs," in Storage Network Architecture and Parallel I/Os (SNAPI), 2010 International Workshop on. IEEE, 2010, pp. 3--12. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Wang and W.-F. Wong, "ADAPT: Efficient Workload-sensitive Flash Management based on Adaptation, Prediction and Aggregation," in Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST), 2012 IEEE 28th Symposium on. IEEE, 2012, pp. 1--12.Google Scholar
- D. Park and D. H. Du, "Hot Data Identification for Flash-based Storage Systems using Multiple Bloom Filters," in Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST), 2011 IEEE 27th Symposium on. IEEE, 2011, pp. 1--11. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- A low-cost adaptive data separation method for the flash translation layer of solid state drives
Recommendations
LeaFTL: A Learning-Based Flash Translation Layer for Solid-State Drives
ASPLOS 2023: Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2In modern solid-state drives (SSDs), the indexing of flash pages is a critical component in their storage controllers. It not only affects the data access performance, but also determines the efficiency of the precious in-device DRAM resource. A ...
A hybrid flash translation layer design for SLC-MLC flash memory based multibank solid state disk
This paper presents the design of a NAND flash based solid state disk (SSD), which can support various storage access patterns commonly observed in a PC environment. It is based on a hybrid model of high-performance SLC (single-level cell) NAND and low ...
A workload-aware flash translation layer enhancing performance and lifespan of TLC/SLC dual-mode flash memory in embedded systems
Similar to traditional NAND flash memory, triple-level cell (TLC) flash memory is used as secondary storage to meet the fast growing demands on storage capacity. TLC flash memory exhibits attractive features such as shock resistance, high density, low ...
Comments