Abstract
This paper describes the Network-Attached Secure Disk (NASD) storage architecture, prototype implementations oj NASD drives, array management for our architecture, and three, filesystems built on our prototype. NASD provides scalable storage bandwidth without the cost of servers used primarily, for transferring data from peripheral networks (e.g. SCSI) to client networks (e.g. ethernet). Increasing datuset sizes, new attachment technologies, the convergence of peripheral and interprocessor switched networks, and the increased availability of on-drive transistors motivate and enable this new architecture. NASD is based on four main principles: direct transfer to clients, secure interfaces via cryptographic support, asynchronous non-critical-path oversight, and variably-sized data objects. Measurements of our prototype system show that these services can be cost-effectively integrated into a next generation disk drive ASK. End-to-end measurements of our prototype drive andfilesysterns suggest that NASD cun support conventional distributed filesystems without performance degradation. More importantly, we show scaluble bandwidth for NASD-specialized filesystems. Using a parallel data mining application, NASD drives deliver u linear scaling of 6.2 MB/s per clientdrive pair, tested with up to eight pairs in our lab.
- Acharya98 Acharaya, A. et al, Active Disks, ACM ASPLOS, Oct 1998.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Agrawal94 Agrawal, R. and Srikant, R. Fast Algorithms for Mining Association Rules, VLDB, Sept 1994.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Anderson96 Anderson, T, et al. Serverless Network File Systems, A CM TOCS 14(1), Feb 1996.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Anderson97 Anderson, J.M. et al., Continuous Profiling: Where Have All the Cycles Gone?, A CM SOSP, Oct 1997.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Anderson98a Anderson, D. Network Attached Storage Research, www. nsic. org/nasd/meetings, html, March 1998.]]Google Scholar
- Anderson98b Anderson, D. Network Attached Storage Research, www. nsic. org/nasd/meetings, html, June 1998.]]Google Scholar
- Anderson98c Anderson, D., et al. Cheating the I/O Bottleneck: Network Storage with Trapeze/Myrinet, USENIX, June 1998.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Baker91 Baker, M.G. et al., Measurements of a Distributed File System", ACM SOSP, Oct 1991.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bellare96 Bellare, M., Canetti, R. and Krawczyk, H., Keying Hash Functions for Message Authentication, Crypto '96, 1996.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Benner96 Benner, A.F., Fibre Channel: Gigabit Communications and l/O for Computer Networks, McGraw Hill, 1996.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Birrell80 Birell, A.D. and Needham, R.M., A Universal File Server, IEEE TSE 6 (5), Sept1980.]]Google Scholar
- Boden95 Boden , N.J., et al., Myrinet: A Gigabit-per-Second Local Area Network, IEEE Micro, Feb 1995.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cabrera91 Cabrera, L. and Long, D., Swift: Using Distributed Disk Striping to Provide High I/O Data Rates, Computing Systems 4:4, Fall 1991.]]Google Scholar
- Cao93 Cao, P., et al., The TickerTAIP Parallel RAID Architecture, ACM ISCA, May 1993.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Corbett96 Corbett, P., et al., Proposal for a Common Parallel File System Programming Language, Scalable I/0 Initiative CalTech CACR 130, Nov 1996.]]Google Scholar
- Deering95 Deering, S. and Hinden, R., Intemet Protocol Version 6 Specification, RFC 1883, Dec 1995.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- deJonge93 deJonge, W., Kaashoek, M.F. and Hsieh. W.C. The Logical Disk: A New Approach to Improving File Systems, A CM SOSP, Dec 1993.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dennis66 Dennis, J.B. and Van Horn, E.C., "Programming Semantics for Multiprogrammed Computations", CA CM 9, 3, 1966]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Drapeau94 Drapeau, A.L., et al., RAID-II: A High-Bandwidth Network File Server, A CM ISCA, 1994.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gibson97a Gibson, G., et al., File Server Scaling with Network-Attached Secure Disks, ACM SiGMETRICS, June 1997.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gibson97b Gibson, G., et al. Filesystems for Network- Attached Secure Disks, TR CMU-CS-97-118, July 1997.]]Google Scholar
- Gobioff97 Gobioff, H., Gibson, G. and Tygar, D., Security for Network Attached Storage Devices, TR CMU-CS-97- 185, Oct 1997.]]Google Scholar
- Golding95 Golding, R., Shriver, E., Sullivan, T., and Wilkes, J., "Attribute-managed storage," Workshop on Modeling and Specification of I/O, San Antonio, TX, Oct 1995.]]Google Scholar
- Gong89 Gong, L., A Secure Identity-Based Capability System IEEE Syrup. on Security and Privacy, May 1989.]]Google Scholar
- Grochowski96 Grochowski, E.G. and Hoyt, R.F., Future Trends in Hard Disk Drives, IEEE Trans. on Magnetics 32 (3), May 1996.]]Google ScholarCross Ref
- Hartman93 Hartman, J.H. and Ousterhout, J.K., The Zebra Striped Network File System, A CM SOSP, Dec 1993.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hitz90 Hitz, D. et al., Using UNIX as One Component of a Lightweight Distributed Kernel for Multiprocessor File Servers, Winter USENIX, 1990.]]Google Scholar
- Hitz94 Hitz, D., Lau, J. and Malcolm, M. File Systems Design for an NFS File Server Appliance, Winter USENIX, January 1994.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Horst95 Horst, R.W. TNet: A Reliable System Area Network, IEEE Micro, Feb 1995.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Howard88 Howard, J.H. et al., Scale and Performance in a Distributed File System, ACM TOCS 6 (1), February 1988.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- IEEE95 IEEE P1244. "Reference Model for Open Storage Systems Interconnection-Mass Storage System Reference Model Version 5", Sept 1995]]Google Scholar
- Intel97 Intel Corporation, Virtual Interface (VI) Architecture, www. viarch.org, Dec 1997.]]Google Scholar
- Karger88 Karger, RA., "Improving Security and Performance for Capability Systems", University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory Technical Report No. 149, Oct 1988.]]Google Scholar
- Knudsen96 Knudsen, L. and Preneel, B., Hash functions based on block ciphers and quaternary codes. Advances in Cryptology ASIA CRYPT, Nov 1996.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lee96 Lee, E.K. and Thekkath, C.A., Petal: Distributed Virtual Disks, ACM ASPLOS, Oct 1996.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Long94 Long, D.D.E., et al, Swift/RAID: A Distributed RAID System, Computing Systems 7,3, Summer 1994.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Maeda93 Maeda, C., and Bershad, B., "Protocol Service Decomposition for High-Performance Networking", 14th A CM SOSP, Dec. 1993.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- McKusick84 McKusick, M.K. et al., A Fast File System for UNIX, ACM TOCS 2, August 1984.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Miller88 Miller, S.W., A Reference Model for Mass Storage Systems, Advances in Computers 27, 1988.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mitchell81 Mitchell, J. and Dion, J., A Comparison of Two Network-Based File Servers, A CM SOSP, Dec 1981.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- MPI95 The MPI Forum, The Message-Passing Interface Standard, www. mcs. anl. gov/mpi/standard, html, May 1995.]]Google Scholar
- Neuman94 Neuman, B.C. and Ts'o, T., Kerberos: An Authentication Service for Computer Networks, IEEE Communications 32,9, Sept 1994.]]Google ScholarDigital Library
- Patterson88 Patterson, D.A., et al., A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks, ACM SIGMOD, June 1988.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Pricewatch98 www. pricewatch, com, July 1998.]]Google Scholar
- Riedel98 Riedel, E., et al., "Active Storage for Large-Scale Data Mining and Multimedia" VLDB, Aug 1998.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sachs94 Sachs, M.W. et al., LAN and I/O Convergence: A Survey of the Issues, IEEE Computer, Dec 1994.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sandberg85 Sandberg, R. et al., Design and Implementation of the Sun Network Filesystem, Summer USENIX, June 1985, pp. 119-130.]]Google Scholar
- Srivastava94 Srivastava, A., and Eustace, A., ATOM: A system for building customized program analysis tools, WRL Technical Report TN-41, 1994.]]Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tanenbaum86 Tanenbaum, A.S., Mullender, S.J. and van Renesse, R., Using Sparse Capabilities in a Distributed System, Sixth Conference on Distributed Computing, 1986.]]Google Scholar
- Thekkath97 Thekkath, C., et al., Frangipani: A Scalable Distributed File System, ACM SOSP, Oct 1997.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- TPC98 Transaction Performance Council TPC-C Executive Summaries, URL: www. tpc. org, Mar 1998.]]Google Scholar
- TriCore97 TriCore News Release, Siemens' New 32-bit Embedded Chip Architecture Enables Next Level of Performance in Real-Time Electronics Design, www. tri-core, com, Sept 1997.]]Google Scholar
- VanMeter96 Van Meter, R., Hotz, S. and Finn, G., Derived Virtual Devices: A Secure Distributed File System Mechanism, Fifth NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies, Sep 1996.]]Google Scholar
- VanMeter98 Van Meter, R., et al., VISA: Netstation's Virtual Intemet SCSI Adapter, A CM ASPLOS, Oct 1998.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Verbauwhede87 Verbauwhede, I. et al., H. Security Considerations in the Design and Implementation of a New DES Chip, EUROCRYPT, 1987.]]Google Scholar
- vonEicken95 von Eicken, T., Basu, A., Buch, V. and Vogels, W. U-Net: A User-Level Network interface for Parallel and Distributed Computing, ACM SOSP, Dec 1995.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Watson95 Watson, R., Coyne, R., The Parallel i/O Architecture of the High-Performance Storage System (HPSS), 14th IEEE Symposium on Mass Storage Systems, September 1995.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wilkes79 Wilkes, M.V. and Needham, R.M., The Cambridge CAP Computer and Its Operating System, 1979.]] Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wilkes92 Wilkes, J. Hamlyn - An Interface for Senderbased Communications, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Technical Report HPL-OSR-92-13, Nov 1992.]]Google Scholar
- Wulf74 Wulf, W.A. et al., "HYDRA: The Kernel of a Multiprocessor Operating System", CACM, i7,6, June 1974]] Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- A cost-effective, high-bandwidth storage architecture
Recommendations
A cost-effective, high-bandwidth storage architecture
ASPLOS VIII: Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systemsThis paper describes the Network-Attached Secure Disk (NASD) storage architecture, prototype implementations oj NASD drives, array management for our architecture, and three, filesystems built on our prototype. NASD provides scalable storage bandwidth ...
A cost-effective, high-bandwidth storage architecture
This paper describes the Network-Attached Secure Disk (NASD) storage architecture, prototype implementations oj NASD drives, array management for our architecture, and three, filesystems built on our prototype. NASD provides scalable storage bandwidth ...
Comments