Abstract
Students who are visually impaired make up a population with unique needs for learning. Some tools have been developed to support these needs in the classroom. One such tool, the Graph and Number line Input and Exploration software (GNIE), was developed by the Georgia Institute of Technology Sonification Lab. GNIE was deployed for use in a middle school math classroom at the Georgia Academy for the Blind (GAB) for 2 years starting in fall 2012. We interviewed the middle school math teacher throughout the deployment to learn about the challenges faced when teaching: lesson planning, execution, and review. We also observed how these changed when using GNIE compared to traditional teaching materials. During these 2 years, we conducted interviews and focus groups with students to learn about their attitudes toward tactile graphs compared to auditory graphs. With these in mind, we present lessons learned from the use of GNIE in a real-world classroom and implications for design of software to aid graphical learning for students with vision impairments.
- Gerald Abner and Elizabeth Lahm. 2002. Implementation of assistive technology with students who are visually impaired: Teachers’ readiness. J. Vis. Impair. Blind. 96, 02 (2002), 98--105.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Francis J. Anscombe. 1973. Graphs in statistical analysis. Am. Stat. 27, 1 (1973), 17--21.Google Scholar
- Jodi Aronson. 1995. A pragmatic view of thematic analysis. Qual. Rep. 2, 1 (1995), 1--3.Google Scholar
- Assistive Technology Partnership. 2008. Assistive Technology in Education: A Guide for the Delivery of Assistive Technology Services for Students with Disabilities.Google Scholar
- Sasha Barab. 2006. Design-based research: A methodological toolkit for the learning scientist. In The Cambridge Handbook of: The Learning Sciences. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 153--169.Google Scholar
- Jared M. Batterman and Bruce N. Walker. 2012. Displaying error 8 uncertainty in auditory graphs. In Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS’12). New York, NY: ACM Press, 285. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2384916.2384995 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Stephen Brewster. 2002. Visualization tools for blind people using multiple modalities. Disabil. Rehabil. 24, 11--12 (2002), 613--621.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Lorna Brown, Stephen Brewster, Ramesh Ramloll, Wai Yu, and Beate Riedel. 2002. Browsing modes for exploring sonified line graphs. In Proceedings of British Human-Computer Interaction Conference, 2. Citeseer, 6--9.Google Scholar
- Hennie Brugman, Albert Russel, and Xd Nijmegen. 2004. Annotating multi-media/multi-modal resources with ELAN. In LREC.Google Scholar
- Anthony P. Carnevale, Nicole Smith, and Michelle Melton. 2011. STEM: Science technology engineering mathematics. Georget. Univ. Cent. Educ. Workforce.Google Scholar
- Center for the Study of Mathematics Curriculum. 2012. The Future of STEM Curriculum and Instructional Design: A Research and Development Agenda for Learning Designers.Google Scholar
- Yee Chieh Chew, Brianna J. Tomlinson, and Bruce N. Walker. 2013. Graph and Number line Input and Exploration (GNIE) Tool Technical Report.Google Scholar
- Yee Chieh Chew and Bruce N. Walker. 2013. What did you say? Visually impaired students using bonephones in math class. In 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. Bellevue, WA: ACM, 3--4. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2513383.2513393 Google ScholarDigital Library
- Michael Curran and James Teh. 2015. NVDA. NV Access.Google Scholar
- Benjamin K. Davison. 2012. Evaluating auditory graphs with blind students in a classroom. ACM SIGACCESS Access. Comput. 102 (January 2012), 4--7. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2140446.2140447 Google ScholarDigital Library
- John M. Downes and Penny Bishop. 2012. Educators engage digital natives and learn from their experiences with technology. Middle School Journal 43, 5 (2012), 6--15.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Delia Duffey and Christine Fox. 2012. National educational technology trends 2012. State Leadership Empowers Educators, Transforms Teaching and Learning. State Educational Technology Directors Association (SETDA). Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
- Duxbury Systems. 2015. Duxbury Braille Translator. Duxbury Systems.Google Scholar
- Edmentum. n.d. Study Island. Edmentum.Google Scholar
- W. T. Fitch and G. Kramer. 1994. Sonifying the body electric: Superiority of an auditory over a visual display in a complex, multivariate system. St. FE Inst. Stud. Sci. Complex.-Proc. 18 (1994), 307.Google Scholar
- John H. Flowers. 2005. Thirteen years of reflection on auditory graphing: Promises, pitfalls, and potential new directions. Fac. Publ. Dep. Psychol. (2005), 430.Google Scholar
- Teresa Franklin and Li-Wei Peng. 2008. Mobile math: Math educators and students engage in mobile learning. J. Comput. High. Educ. 20, 2 (2008), 69--80.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Freedom Scientific. n.d. JAWS for Windows.Google Scholar
- John A. Gardner. 2002. Access by blind students and professionals to mainstream math and science. In International Conference on Computers for Handicapped Persons. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 502--507. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Georgia Department of Education. 2012. Common Core GPS Mathematics. https://www.georgiastandards.org/Common-Core/Pages/Math.aspx.Google Scholar
- Linda Godzicki, Nicole Godzicki, Mary Krofel, and Rachel Michaels. 2013. Increasing motivation and engagement in elementary and middle school students through technology-supported learning environments. Online Submission.Google Scholar
- GW Micro. n.d. Windows-Eyes. GW Micro.Google Scholar
- Stacy M. Kelly. 2009. Use of assistive technology by students with visual impairments: Findings from a national survey. J. Vis. Impair. Blind. 103, 8 (2009), 470.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Gregory Kramer, Bruce Walker, Terri Bonebright, Perry Cook, John H. Flowers, Nadine Miner, and John Neuhoff. 2010. Sonification report: Status of the field and research agenda. Faculty Publications, Department of Psychology. Paper 444. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/psychfacpub/444.Google Scholar
- Rensis Likert. 1932. A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Arch. Psychol. 140 (1932), 1--55.Google Scholar
- MacKichan Software. 2015. Scientific Notebook. MacKichan Software.Google Scholar
- Douglass L. Mansur, Merra M. Blattner, and Kenneth I. Joy. 1985. Sound graphs: A numerical data analysis method for the blind. J. Med. Syst. 9, 3 (1985), 163--174.Google ScholarCross Ref
- NASA Information Access Lab. 2004. NASA LTP information access lab: MDE graphing calculator demonstration (Beta 2.0).Google Scholar
- National Federation of the Blind. n.d. Fact Sheet: Blindness and Low Vision. National Federation of the Blind.Google Scholar
- Michael A. Nees and Bruce N. Walker. 2009. Auditory interfaces and sonification. In The Universal Access Handbook. New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 507--521.Google Scholar
- Kirsten Rassmus-Gröhn, Charlotte Magnusson, and Haakan Eftring. 2007. Ahead-audio-haptic drawing editor and explorer for education. In IEEE International Workshop on Haptic, Audio and Visual Environments and Games, 2007 (HAVE’07). IEEE, 62--66.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Terri Duggan Schwartzbeck and Mary Ann Wolf. 2012. The digital learning imperative: How technology and teaching meet today's education challenges. Alliance for Excellent Education.Google Scholar
- Daniel R. Smith and Bruce N. Walker. 2005. Effects of auditory context cues and training on performance of a point estimation sonification task. Appl. Cogn. Psychol. 19, 8 (December 2005), 1065--1087. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.1146Google ScholarCross Ref
- Daniel R. Smith and Bruce N. Walker. 2002. Tick-marks, axes, and labels: The effects of adding context to auditory graphs. In International Conference on Auditory Display. Kyoto, Japan, 1--6.Google Scholar
- Sun Microsystems Laboratories. 2001. FreeTTS 1.2 - A speech synthesizer written entirely in the JavaTM programming language. Sun Microsystems Laboratories.Google Scholar
- Triumph Learning. 2011. Crosswalk Coach for the Common Core State Standards, Mathematics. Triumph Learning.Google Scholar
- Robert Upson. 2002. Educational sonification exercises: Pathways for mathematics and musical achievement. In International Conference on Auditory Display. Kyoto, Japan, 1--6.Google Scholar
- Robert Upson. 2001. Sonifications as mathematics teaching tools. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD’01). Citeseer, 222--226.Google Scholar
- U.S. Department of Education. 2004. Building the Legacy: IDEA 2004. U.S. Department of Education.Google Scholar
- Frances Van Scoy, Don McLaughlin, and Angela Fullmer. 2005. Auditory augmentation of haptic graphs: Developing a graphic tool for teaching precalculus skill to blind students. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD’05).Google Scholar
- Andrew A. Zucker. 2006. Development and testing of math insight software. J. Educ. Technol. Syst. 34, 4 (2006), 371--386.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Exploring Auditory Graphing Software in the Classroom: The Effect of Auditory Graphs on the Classroom Environment
Recommendations
An RSS-feed auditory aggregator using earcons
AM '11: Proceedings of the 6th Audio Mostly Conference: A Conference on Interaction with SoundIn this work we present a data sonification framework based on parallel/concurrent sonic earcons' representations for monitoring in real-time information related to stock market. The information under consideration is conveyed through the well-known ...
Learning outside of the classroom: the Northeastern University research co-op fellowship program
WCAE '00: Proceedings of the 2000 workshop on Computer architecture educationNortheastern University has developed an educational philosophy that recognizes that the total educational experience extends well beyond the four walls of the classroom. Cooperative education is a model that educates students both within the academic ...
Auditory weather reports: demonstrating listener comprehension of five concurrent variables
AM '14: Proceedings of the 9th Audio Mostly: A Conference on Interaction With SoundDisplaying multiple variables or data sets within a single sonification has been identified as a challenge for the field of auditory display research. We discuss our recent study that evaluates the usability of a sonification that contains multiple ...
Comments