skip to main content
10.1145/3078971.3078982acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesicmrConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

DRAW: Deep Networks for Recognizing Styles of Artists Who Illustrate Children's Books

Published:06 June 2017Publication History

ABSTRACT

This paper is motivated from a young boy's capability to recognize an illustrator's style in a totally different context. In the book "We are All Born Free" [1], composed of selected rights from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights interpreted by different illustrators, the boy was surprised to see a picture similar to the ones in the "Winnie the Witch" series drawn by Korky Paul (Figure [1]). The style was noticeable in other characters of the same illustrator in different books as well. The capability of a child to easily spot the style was shown to be valid for other illustrators such as Axel Scheffler and Debi Gliori. The boy's enthusiasm let us to start the journey to explore the capabilities of machines to recognize the style of illustrators.

We collected pages from children's books to construct a new illustrations dataset consisting of about 6500 pages from 24 artists. We exploited deep networks for categorizing illustrators and with around 94% classification performance our method over-performed the traditional methods by more than 10%. Going beyond categorization we explored transferring style. The classification performance on the transferred images has shown the ability of our system to capture the style. Furthermore, we discovered representative illustrations and discriminative stylistic elements.

References

  1. 2008. We Are All Born Free: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Pictures. Frances Lincoln. (2008). http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/ 3082451-we-are-all-born-freeGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. 2012. BBC Your Paintings. (2012). Dataset available at http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. 2014. Caffe Model Zoo: GoogLeNet Model. (2014). Model available at https: //github.com/BVLC/caffe/tree/master/models/bvlc googlenet.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. Yaniv Bar, Noga Levy, and Lior Wolf. 2014. Classification of artistic styles using binarized features derived from a deep neural network. In Workshop at the European Conference on Computer Vision. Springer, 71--84.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. Hongping Cai, Qi Wu, Tadeo Corradi, and Peter Hall. 2015. The Cross-Depiction Problem: Computer Vision Algorithms for Recognising Objects in Artwork and in Photographs. CoRR abs/1505.00110 (2015). http://arxiv.org/abs/1505.00110Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. Allan Campbell, Vic Ciesielksi, and AK Qin. 2015. Feature discovery by deep learn- ing for aesthetic analysis of evolved abstract images. In International Conference on Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Music and Art. Springer International Publishing, 27--38.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. Gustavo Carneiro, Nuno Pinho da Silva, Alessio Del Bue, and João Paulo Costeira. 2012. Artistic image classification: An analysis on the printart database. In European Conference on Computer Vision. Springer, 143--157. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. Chih-Chung Chang and Chih-Jen Lin. 2011. LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 2 (2011), 27:1--27:27. Issue 3. Software available at http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/?cjlin/libsvm. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Wei-Ta Chu and Yi-Ling Wu. 2016. Deep Correlation Features for Image Style Classification. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM on Multimedia Conference (MM '16). 402--406. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. E. J. Crowley and A. Zisserman. 2014. In Search of Art. In Workshop on Computer Vision for Art Analysis, ECCV.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. E. J. Crowley and A. Zisserman. 2014. the State of the Art: Object Retrieval in Paintings using Discriminative Regions. In British Machine Vision Conference.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. Navneet Dalal and Bill Triggs. 2005. Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. In 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05), Vol. 1. IEEE, 886--893. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. Paul DiMaggio. 1987. Classification in art. American sociological review (1987), 440--455.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. Carl Doersch, Saurabh Singh, Abhinav Gupta, Josef Sivic, and Alexei A. Efros. 2012. What Makes Paris Look like Paris? ACM Transactions on Graphics (SIGGRAPH) 31, 4 (2012), 101:1--101:9. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. Vincent Dumoulin, Jonathon Shlens, and Manjunath Kudlur. 2017. A Learned Representation For Artistic Style. ICLR (2017). https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.07629Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Ahmed Elgammal and Babak Saleh. 2015. Quantifying Creativity in Art Networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1506.00711 (2015).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. M. Everingham, L. Van Gool, C. K. I. Williams, J. Winn, and A. Zisserman. 2011. the PASCAL Visual Object Classes Challenge 2011 (VOC2011) Results. (2011). http://www.pascal-network.org/challenges/VOC/voc2011/workshop/index.htmlGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. T. Furuya, S. Kuriyama, and R. Ohbuchi. 2015. An unsupervised approach for comparing styles of illustrations. In 2015 13th International Workshop on Content- Based Multimedia Indexing (CBMI). 1--6.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Elena Garces, Aseem Agarwala, Diego Gutierrez, and Aaron Hertzmann. 2014. A Similarity Measure for Illustration Style. ACM Trans. Graph. 33, 4, Article 93 (July 2014), 9 pages. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. Elena Garces, Aseem Agarwala, Aaron Hertzmann, and Diego Gutierrez. 2016. Style-based exploration of illustration datasets. Multimedia Tools and Applications (2016), 1--20. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. Leon A. Gatys, Alexander S. Ecker, and Matthias Bethge. 2015. A Neural Algorithm of Artistic Style. CoRR abs/1508.06576 (2015). http://arxiv.org/abs/1508. 06576Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. Leon A Gatys, Alexander S Ecker, and Matthias Bethge. 2016. Image style transfer using convolutional neural networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2414--2423.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  23. Eren Golge and Pinar Duygulu-Sahin. 2015. FAME: face association through model evolution. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops. 43--49.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  24. Yangqing Jia, Evan Shelhamer, Jeff Donahue, Sergey Karayev, Jonathan Long, Ross Girshick, Sergio Guadarrama, and Trevor Darrell. 2014. Caffe: Convolu- tional Architecture for Fast Feature Embedding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1408.5093 (2014).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  25. C Richard Johnson, Ella Hendriks, Igor Berezhnoy, Eugene Brevdo, Shannon Hughes, Ingrid Daubechies, Jia Li, Eric Postma, and James Z Wang. 2008. Image Processing for Artist Identification - Computerized Analysis of Vincent van Gogh's Painting Brushstrokes. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine (July 2008).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  26. Justin Johnson, Alexandre Alahi, and Li Fei-Fei. 2016. Perceptual losses for real-time style transfer and super-resolution. arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.08155 (2016).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  27. Sergey Karayev, Matthew Trentacoste, Helen Han, Aseem Agarwala, Trevor Darrell, Aaron Hertzmann, and Holger Winnemoeller. 2013. Recognizing image style. arXiv preprint arXiv:1311.3715 (2013).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  28. Fahad Shahbaz Khan, Shida Beigpour, Joost Van de Weijer, and Michael Felsberg. 2014. Painting-91: a large scale database for computational painting categorization. Machine vision and applications 25, 6 (2014), 1385--1397. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  29. Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever, and Geoffrey E Hinton. 2012. Imagenet classifica- tion with deep convolutional neural networks. In Advances in neural information processing systems. 1097--1105. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  30. Jan Eric Kyprianidis, John Collomosse, Tinghuai Wang, and Tobias Isenberg. 2013. State of the Art x201D;: A Taxonomy of Artistic Stylization Techniques for Images and Video. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 19, 5 (2013), 866--885. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  31. C. Li and T. Chen. 2009. Aesthetic Visual Quality Assessment of Paintings. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 3, 2 (April 2009), 236--252.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  32. Jia Li and J. Z. Wang. 2004. Studying Digital Imagery of Ancient Paintings by Mixtures of Stochastic Models. Trans. Img. Proc. 13, 3 (March 2004), 340--353. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  33. David G Lowe. 2004. Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. International journal of computer vision 60, 2 (2004), 91--110. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  34. Siwei Lyu, Daniel Rockmore, and Hany Farid. 2004. A digital technique for art authentication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101, 49 (2004), 17006--17010.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  35. Shin Matsuo and Keiji Yanai. 2016. CNN-based style vector for style image retrieval. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM on International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval. ACM, 309--312. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  36. Thomas Mensink and Jan Van Gemert. 2014. The rijksmuseum challenge: Museum-centered visual recognition. In Proceedings of International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval. ACM, 451. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  37. Olga Russakovsky, Jia Deng, Hao Su, Jonathan Krause, Sanjeev Satheesh, Sean Ma, Zhiheng Huang, Andrej Karpathy, Aditya Khosla, Michael Bernstein, Alexan- der C. Berg, and Li Fei-Fei. 2015. ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge. International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV) 115, 3 (2015), 211--252. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  38. Babak Saleh, Kanako Abe, Ravneet Singh Arora, and Ahmed Elgammal. 2014. To- ward automated discovery of artistic influence. Multimedia Tools and Applications (2014), 1--27. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  39. Babak Saleh and Ahmed Elgammal. 2015. Large-scale Classification of Fine-Art Paintings: Learning the Right Metric on thee Right Feature. arXiv preprint arXiv:1505.00855 (2015).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  40. Fadime Sener, Nermin Samet, and Pinar Duygulu Sahin. 2012. Identification of illustrators. In European Conference on Computer Vision. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 589--597. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  41. K. Simonyan and A. Zisserman. 2014. Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition. CoRR abs/1409.1556 (2014).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  42. Josef Sivic, Bryan C Russell, Alexei A Efros, Andrew Zisserman, and William T Freeman. 2005. Discovering object categories in image collections. (2005).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  43. Emily L. Spratt and Ahmed M. Elgammal. 2014. Computational Beauty: Aesthetic Judgment at the Intersection of Art and Science. In Computer Vision - ECCV 2014 Workshops - Zurich, Switzerland, September 6-7 and 12, 2014, Proceedings, Part I. 35--53.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  44. Christian Szegedy, Wei Liu, Yangqing Jia, Pierre Sermanet, Scott Reed, Dragomir Anguelov, Dumitru Erhan, Vincent Vanhoucke, and Andrew Rabinovich. 2015. Going deeper with convolutions. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 1--9.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  45. W. R. Tan, C. S. Chan, H. E. Aguirre, and K. Tanaka. 2016. Ceci n'est pas une pipe: A deep convolutional network for fine-art paintings classification. In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). 3703--3707.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  46. Christopher Thomas and Adriana Kovashka. 2015. Who's Behind the Camera? Identifying the Authorship of a Photograph. arXiv preprint arXiv:1508.05038 (2015).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  47. Jason Yosinski, Jeff Clune, Anh Nguyen, Thomas Fuchs, and Hod Lipson. 2015. Understanding Neural Networks trough Deep Visualization. In Deep Learning Workshop, International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

Index Terms

  1. DRAW: Deep Networks for Recognizing Styles of Artists Who Illustrate Children's Books

          Recommendations

          Comments

          Login options

          Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

          Sign in
          • Published in

            cover image ACM Conferences
            ICMR '17: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval
            June 2017
            524 pages
            ISBN:9781450347013
            DOI:10.1145/3078971
            • General Chairs:
            • Bogdan Ionescu,
            • Nicu Sebe,
            • Program Chairs:
            • Jiashi Feng,
            • Martha Larson,
            • Rainer Lienhart,
            • Cees Snoek

            Copyright © 2017 ACM

            Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

            Publisher

            Association for Computing Machinery

            New York, NY, United States

            Publication History

            • Published: 6 June 2017

            Permissions

            Request permissions about this article.

            Request Permissions

            Check for updates

            Qualifiers

            • research-article

            Acceptance Rates

            ICMR '17 Paper Acceptance Rate33of95submissions,35%Overall Acceptance Rate254of830submissions,31%

            Upcoming Conference

            ICMR '24
            International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval
            June 10 - 14, 2024
            Phuket , Thailand

          PDF Format

          View or Download as a PDF file.

          PDF

          eReader

          View online with eReader.

          eReader