skip to main content
article
Free Access

The theory of joins in relational databases

Published:01 September 1979Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

Answering queries in a relational database often requires that the natural join of two or more relations be computed. However, the result of a join may not be what one expects. In this paper we give efficient algorithms to determine whether the join of several relations has the intuitively expected value (is lossless) and to determine whether a set of relations has a subset with a lossy join. These algorithms assume that all data dependencies are functional. We then discuss the extension of our techniques to the case where data dependencies are multivalued.

References

  1. 1 AHO, A.V., HOPCROFT, J.E., AND ULLMAN, J.D. The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1974. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  2. 2 ARMSTRONG, W.W. Dependency structures of data base relationships. Information Processing 74, North-Holland Pub. Co., Amsterdam, 1974, pp. 580-583.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. 3 ARORA, A.K., AND CARLSON, C.R. The information preserving properties of relational database transformations. Proc. Int. Conf. on Very Large Data Bases, West Berlin, Sept. 1978, pp. 352-359.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. 4 BEF.RI, C. On the membership problem for multivalued dependencies in relational database systems. Tech. Rep. 229, Dept. Elec. Eng. and Comptr. Sci., Princeton U., Princeton, N.J., Sept. 1977. To appear in A CM Trans. Database Syst.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. 5 BEERI, C., BERNSTEIN, P.A., AND GOODMAN, N. A sophisticate's introduction to database normalization theory. Proc. Int. Conf. on Very Large Data Bases, West Ber!in, Sept. 1978, pp. 113-124.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. 6 BERNSTEIN, P.A. Synthesizing third normal form relations from functional dependencies. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 1, 4 (Dec. 1976), 277-298. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  7. 7 BERNSTEIN, P.A., AnD BEERI, C. An algorithmic approach to normalization of relational database schemas. Tech. Rep. CSRG-73, Comptr. Sci. Res. Group, U. of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Sept. 1976.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. 8 BEERI, C., FAGIN, R., AND HOWARD, J.H. A complete axiomatization for functional and multivalued dependencies. Proc. ACM SIGMOD Int. Conf. on Manage. of Data, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 1977, pp. 47-61. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. 9 CARLSON, C.R., AND KAPLAN, R.S. A generalized access path model and its application to a relational data base system. Proc. ACM SIGMOD Conf., Washington, D.C., 1976, pp. 143-154. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  10. 10 CODD, E.F. A relational model for large shared data banks. Comm. ACM 13, 6 (June 1970), 377- 387. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. 11 CODD, E.F. Further normalization of the data base relational model. In Data Base Systems, R. Rustin, Ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1972, pp. 33-64.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. 12 CODD, E.F. Recent investigations in relational data base systems. Information Processing 74, North-Holland Pub. Co., Amsterdam, 1974, pp. 1017-1021.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. 13 DELOBEL, C. Contributions theoretiques a la conception d'un systeme d'informations. Ph.D. Th., U. of Grenoble, Grenoble, France, Oct. 1973.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. 14 DELOBEL, C., AND CASEY, R.G. Decomposition of a data base and the theory of Boolean switching functions. IBM J. Res. and Develop. 17, 5 (Sept. 1972), 370-386.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. 15 FAGIN, R. Multivalued dependencies and a new normal form for relational databases. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 2, 3 (Sept. 1977), 262-278. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  16. 16 GUTHERY, S.B., AND O'NEILL, D.M. The syntax and semantics of functional dependency. Unpub. memo., Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, N.J., 1976.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. 17 MAIER, D., MENDELZON, A.O., SADRI, F., AND ULLMAN, J.D. Adequacy of decompositions of relational databases. Dept. Elec. Eng. and Comptr. Sci., Princeton University, Princeton, N.J., 1979.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. 18 MANACHER, G.K. On the feasibility of implementing a large relational data base with optimal performance on a minicomputer. Proc. Int. Conf. on Very Large Data Bases, Framingham, Mass., Sept. 1975, pp. 175-201.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  19. 19 RISSANEN, J. Independent components of relations. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 2, 4 (Dec. 1977), 317-325. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. 20 TARJAN, R.E. Depth-first search and linear graph algorithms. SIAM J. Comptng. 1, 2 (1972), 146-160.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  21. 21 ZANIOLO, C. Analysis and design of relational schemata for database systems. Tech. Rep. UCLA- ENG-7769, Dept. Comptr. Sci., U. of California, Los Angeles, Calif., July 1976.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. The theory of joins in relational databases

          Recommendations

          Comments

          Login options

          Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

          Sign in

          Full Access

          PDF Format

          View or Download as a PDF file.

          PDF

          eReader

          View online with eReader.

          eReader