skip to main content
research-article

Committee Scoring Rules: Axiomatic Characterization and Hierarchy

Published:25 January 2019Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

Committee scoring voting rules are multiwinner analogues of positional scoring rules, which constitute an important subclass of single-winner voting rules. We identify several natural subclasses of committee scoring rules, namely, weakly separable, representation-focused, top-k-counting, OWA-based, and decomposable rules. We characterize SNTV, Bloc, and k-Approval Chamberlin--Courant as the only nontrivial rules in pairwise intersections of these classes. We provide some axiomatic characterizations for these classes, where monotonicity properties appear to be especially useful. The class of decomposable rules is new to the literature. We show that it strictly contains the class of OWA-based rules and describe some of the applications of decomposable rules.

References

  1. K. Arrow. 1951 (revised edition, 1963). Social Choice and Individual Values. John Wiley and Sons.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. H. Aziz, M. Brill, V. Conitzer, E. Elkind, R. Freeman, and T. Walsh. 2017. Justified representation in approval-based committee voting. Soc. Choice Welfare 48, 2 (2017), 461--485.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  3. H. Aziz, E. Elkind, P. Faliszewski, M. Lackner, and P. Skowron. 2017. The Condorcet principle for multiwinner elections: From shortlisting to proportionality. In Proceedings of the 26th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 84--90. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  4. H. Aziz, E. Elkind, S. Huang, M. Lackner, L. Sanchez-Fernandez, and P. Skowron. 2018. On the complexity of extended and proportional justified representation. In Proceedings of the 32nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. H. Aziz, S. Gaspers, J. Gudmundsson, S. Mackenzie, N. Mattei, and T. Walsh. 2015. Computational aspects of multi-winner approval voting. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. 107--115. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. M. Balinski and H. P. Young. 1982. Fair Representation: Meeting the Ideal of One Man, One Vote. Yale University Press. [2nd Edition (with identical pagination), Brookings Institution Press, 2001].Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. S. Barberà and D. Coelho. 2008. How to choose a non-controversial list with k names. Soc. Choice Welfare 31, 1 (2008), 79--96.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  8. S. Barberá and B. Dutta. 1982. Implementability via protective equilibria. J. Math. Econ. 10, 1 (1982), 49--65.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  9. N. Betzler, A. Slinko, and J. Uhlmann. 2013. On the computation of fully proportional representation. J. Artific. Intell. Res. 47 (2013), 475--519. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. S. Brams, M. Kilgour, and R. Sanver. 2007. A minimax procedure for electing committees. Public Choice 132, 3--4 (2007), 401--420.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  11. R. Bredereck, P. Faliszewski, A. Igarashi, M. Lackner, and P. Skowron. 2018. Multiwinner elections with diversity constraints. In Proceedings of the 32nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. R. Bredereck, P. Faliszewski, A. Kaczmarczyk, R. Niedermeier, P. Skowron, and N. Talmon. 2017. Robustness among multiwinner voting rules. In Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Algorithmic Game Theory. 80--92.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. Markus Brill, Rupert Freeman, Svante Janson, and Martin Lackner. 2017. Phragmén’s voting methods and justified representation. In Proceedings of the 31st AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 406--413. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. M. Brill, J.-F. Laslier, and P. Skowron. 2018. Multiwinner approval rules as apportionment methods. J. Theoret. Politics 30, 3 (2018), 358--382.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  15. J. Byrka, P. Skowron, and K. Sornat. 2018. Proportional approval voting, harmonic k-median, and negative association. In Proceedings of the 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming. 26:1--26:14.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. L. Celis, L. Huang, and N. Vishnoi. 2018. Multiwinner voting with fairness constraints. In Proceedings of the 27th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 144--151. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. B. Chamberlin and P. Courant. 1983. Representative deliberations and representative decisions: Proportional representation and the Borda rule. Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 77, 3 (1983), 718--733.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  18. P. Chebotarev and E. Shamis. 1998. Characterizations of scoring methods for preference aggregation. Ann. Operat. Res. 80 (1998), 299--332.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  19. S. Ching. 1996. A simple characterization of plurality rule. J. Econ. Theory 71, 1 (1996), 298--302.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  20. D. Cornaz, L. Galand, and O. Spanjaard. 2012. Bounded single-peaked width and proportional representation. In Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 270--275. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. A. Darmann. 2013. How hard is it to tell which is a Condorcet committee?Math. Soc. Sci. 66, 3 (2013), 282--292.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. B. Debord. 1992. An axiomatic characterization of Borda’s k-choice function. Soc. Choice Welfare 9, 4 (1992), 337--343.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  23. M. Dummett. 1984. Voting Procedures. Oxford University Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  24. E. Elkind, P. Faliszewski, J. F. Laslier, P. Skowron, A. Slinko, and N. Talmon. 2017. What do multiwinner voting rules do? An experiment over the two-dimensional Euclidean domain. In Proceedings of the 31st AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 494--501. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  25. E. Elkind, P. Faliszewski, P. Skowron, and A. Slinko. 2017. Properties of multiwinner voting rules. Soc. Choice Welfare 48, 3 (2017), 599--632.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  26. E. Elkind and A. Ismaili. 2015. OWA-based extensions of the Chamberlin-Courant rule. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Algorithmic Decision Theory. 486--502. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  27. E. Elkind, J. Lang, and A. Saffidine. 2015. Condorcet winning sets. Soc. Choice Welfare 44, 3 (2015), 493--517.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  28. P. Faliszewski, M. Lackner, D. Peters, and N. Talmon. 2018. Effective heuristics for committee scoring rules. In Proceedings of the 32nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  29. P. Faliszewski, J. Sawicki, R. Schaefer, and M. Smolka. 2016. Multiwinner voting in genetic algorithms. IEEE Intell. Syst. 32, 1 (2016), 40--48. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  30. P. Faliszewski, P. Skowron, A. Slinko, and N. Talmon. 2017. Multiwinner rules on paths from k-Borda to Chamberlin--Courant. In Proceedings of the 26th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 192--198. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  31. P. Faliszewski, P. Skowron, A. Slinko, and N. Talmon. 2017. Multiwinner voting: A new challenge for social choice theory. In Trends in Computational Social Choice, U. Endriss (Ed.). AI Access, 27--47.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  32. P. Faliszewski, P. Skowron, A. Slinko, and N. Talmon. 2018. Multiwinner analogues of the plurality rule: Axiomatic and algorithmic views. Soc. Choice Welfare 51, 3 (2018), 513--550.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  33. P. Faliszewski, A. Slinko, K. Stahl, and N. Talmon. 2018. Achieving fully proportional representation by clustering voters. J. Heurist. 24, 5 (2018), 725--756. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  34. D. S. Felsenthal and Z. Maoz. 1992. Normative properties of four single-stage multi-winner electoral procedures. Behav. Sci. 37 (1992), 109--127. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  35. P. Fishburn. 1978. Axioms for approval voting: Direct proof. J. Econ. Theory 19, 1 (1978), 180--185.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  36. P. Fishburn. 1981. An analysis of simple voting systems for electing committees. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 41, 3 (1981), 499--502.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  37. P. Fishburn. 1981. Majority committees. J. Econ. Theory 25, 2 (1981), 255--268.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  38. P. Fishburn and W. Gehrlein. 1976. Borda’s rule, positional voting, and Condorcet’s simple majority principle. Public Choice 28, 1 (1976), 79--88.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  39. P. Gärdenfors. 1973. Positionalist voting functions. Theory Decis. 4, 1 (1973), 1--24.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  40. W. Gehrlein. 1985. The Condorcet criterion and committee selection. Math. Soc. Sci. 10, 3 (1985), 199--209.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  41. J. Goldsmith, J. Lang, N. Mattei, and P. Perny. 2014. Voting with rank dependent scoring rules. In Proceedings of the 28th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Press, 698--704. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  42. B. Hansson and H. Sahlquist. 1976. A proof technique for social choice with variable electorate. J. Econ. Theory 13 (1976), 193--200.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  43. R. Izsak, G. Woeginger, and N. Talmon. 2018. Committee selection with interclass and intraclass synergies. In Proceedings of the 32st AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  44. Svante Janson. 2016. Phragmén’s and Thiele’s Election Methods. Technical Report arXiv:1611.08826 [math.HO]. arXiv.org. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.08826.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  45. J. Kacprzyk, H. Nurmi, and S. Zadrozny. 2011. The role of the OWA operators as a unification tool for the representation of collective choice sets. In Recent Developments in the Ordered Weighted Averaging Operators. Springer, 149--166.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  46. M. Kilgour. 2010. Approval balloting for multi-winner elections. In Handbook on Approval Voting, J.-F. Laslier and R. Sanver (Eds.). Springer, 105--124.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  47. M. Kilgour and E. Marshall. 2012. Approval balloting for fixed-size committees. In Electoral Systems, Studies in Choice and Welfare, Vol. 12. 305--326.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  48. M. Lackner and D. Peters. 2017. Preferences single-peaked on a circle. In Proceedings of the 31st AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 649--655. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  49. M. Lackner and P. Skowron. 2018. Consistent approval-based multi-winner rules. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation. 47--48. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  50. A. Lijphart and B. Grofman. 1984. Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives. Praeger, New York.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  51. T. Lu and C. Boutilier. 2011. Budgeted social choice: From consensus to personalized decision making. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 280--286. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  52. T. Lu and C. Boutilier. 2015. Value-directed compression of large-scale assignment problems. In Proceedings of the 29th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 1182--1190. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  53. Eric Maskin. 1999. Nash equilibrium and welfare optimality. Rev. Econ. Studies 66, 1 (1999), 23--38.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  54. K. May. 1952. A set of independent necessary and sufficient conditions for simple majority decision. Econometrica 20, 4 (1952), 680--684.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  55. V. Merlin. 2003. The axiomatic characterization of majority voting and scoring rules. Math. Soc. Sci. 41, 161 (2003), 87--109.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  56. B. Monroe. 1995. Fully proportional representation. Amer. Politic. Sci. Rev. 89, 4 (1995), 925--940.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  57. R. Myerson. 1995. Axiomatic derivation of scoring rules without the ordering assumption. Soc. Choice Welfare 12, 1 (1995), 59--74.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  58. G. Nemhauser, L. Wolsey, and M. Fisher. 1978. An analysis of approximations for maximizing submodular set functions. Math. Program. 14, 1 (1978), 265--294. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  59. D. Peters. 2018. Single-peakedness and total unimodularity: New polynomial-time algorithms for multi-winner elections. In Proceedings of the 32nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  60. D. Peters and E. Elkind. 2016. Preferences single-peaked on nice trees. In Proceedings of the 30th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 594--600. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  61. E. Phragmén. 1894. Sur une méthode nouvelle pour réaliser, dans les élections, la représentation proportionnelle des partis. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 51, 3 (1894), 133--137.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  62. E. Phragmén. 1895. Proportionella val. En valteknisk studie. Lars Hökersbergs förlag, Stockholm.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  63. E. Phragmén. 1896. Sur la théorie des élections multiples. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 53 (1896), 181--191.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  64. M. Pivato. 2013. Variable-population voting rules. J. Math. Econ. 49, 3 (2013), 210--221.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  65. A. Procaccia, J. Rosenschein, and A. Zohar. 2008. On the complexity of achieving proportional representation. Soc. Choice Welfare 30, 3 (2008), 353--362.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  66. F. Pukelsheim. 2014. Proportional Representation: Apportionment Methods and Their Applications. Springer.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  67. T. Ratliff. 2003. Some startling inconsistencies when electing committees. Soc. Choice Welfare 21, 3 (2003), 433--454.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  68. T. Ratliff and D. Saari. 2014. Complexities of electing diverse committees. Soc. Choice Welfare 43, 1 (2014), 55--71.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  69. J. Richelson. 1978. A characterization result for the plurality rule. J. Econ. Theory 19, 2 (1978), 548--550.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  70. L. Sánchez-Fernández and J. Fisteus. 2017. Monotonicity Axioms in Approval-Based Multi-Winner Voting Rules. Technical Report arXiv:1710.04246 [cs.GT]. arXiv.org.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  71. S. Sekar, S. Sikdar, and L. Xia. 2017. Condorcet consistent bundling with social choice. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. 33--41. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  72. M. Sertel. 1988. Characterizing approval voting. J. Econ. Theory 45, 1 (1988), 207--211.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  73. P. Skowron. 2017. FPT approximation schemes for maximizing submodular functions. Info. Comput. 257 (2017), 65--78. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  74. P. Skowron and P. Faliszewski. 2017. Chamberlin-courant rule with approval ballots: Approximating the maxcover problem with bounded frequencies in FPT time. J. Artific. Intell. Res. 60 (2017), 687--716. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  75. P. Skowron, P. Faliszewski, and J. Lang. 2016. Finding a collective set of items: From proportional multirepresentation to group recommendation. Artific. Intell. 241 (2016), 191--216. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  76. P. Skowron, P. Faliszewski, and A. Slinko. 2015. Achieving fully proportional representation: Approximability result. Artific. Intell. 222 (2015), 67--103. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  77. P. Skowron, P. Faliszewski, and A. Slinko. 2016. Axiomatic Characterization of Committee Scoring Rules. Technical Report arXiv:1604.01529 [cs.GT]. arXiv.org.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  78. P. Skowron, M. Lackner, M. Brill, D. Peters, and E. Elkind. 2017. Proportional rankings. In Proceedings of the 26th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 409--415. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  79. P. Skowron, L. Yu, P. Faliszewski, and E. Elkind. 2015. The complexity of fully proportional representation for single-crossing electorates. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 569 (2015), 43--57. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  80. J. Smith. 1973. Aggregation of preferences with variable electorate. Econometrica 41, 6 (1973), 1027--1041.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  81. T. Thiele. 1895. Om Flerfoldsvalg. In Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger. 415--441.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  82. N. Tideman and D. Richardson. 2000. Better voting methods through technology: The refinement-manageability trade-off in the single transferable vote. Public Choice 103, 1--2 (2000), 13--34.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  83. R. Yager. 1988. On ordered weighted averaging aggregation operators in multicriteria decisionmaking. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernet. 18, 1 (1988), 183--190. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  84. H. Young. 1974. An axiomatization of Borda’s rule. J. Econ. Theory 9, 1 (1974), 43--52.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  85. H. Young. 1974. A note on preference aggregation. Econometrica 42, 6 (1974), 1129--1131.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  86. H. Young. 1975. Social choice scoring functions. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 28, 4 (1975), 824--838.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  87. L. Yu, H. Chan, and E. Elkind. 2013. Multiwinner elections under preferences that are single-peaked on a tree. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 425--431. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  88. F. Zanjirani and M. Hekmatfar (Eds.). 2009. Facility Location: Concepts, Models, and Case Studies. Springer.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref

Index Terms

  1. Committee Scoring Rules: Axiomatic Characterization and Hierarchy

          Recommendations

          Comments

          Login options

          Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

          Sign in

          Full Access

          • Published in

            cover image ACM Transactions on Economics and Computation
            ACM Transactions on Economics and Computation  Volume 7, Issue 1
            February 2019
            123 pages
            ISSN:2167-8375
            EISSN:2167-8383
            DOI:10.1145/3309879
            Issue’s Table of Contents

            Copyright © 2019 ACM

            Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

            Publisher

            Association for Computing Machinery

            New York, NY, United States

            Publication History

            • Published: 25 January 2019
            • Accepted: 1 October 2018
            • Revised: 1 August 2018
            • Received: 1 February 2018
            Published in teac Volume 7, Issue 1

            Permissions

            Request permissions about this article.

            Request Permissions

            Check for updates

            Qualifiers

            • research-article
            • Research
            • Refereed

          PDF Format

          View or Download as a PDF file.

          PDF

          eReader

          View online with eReader.

          eReader

          HTML Format

          View this article in HTML Format .

          View HTML Format