ABSTRACT
Human-drone interaction is a growing topic of interest within HCI research. Researchers propose many innovative concepts for drone applications, but much of this research does not incorporate knowledge on existing applications already adopted by professionals. This limits the validity of said research. To address this limitation, we present our findings from an in-depth interview study with 10 professional drone pilots. Our participants were armed with significant experience and qualifications – pertinent to both drone operations and a set of applications covering diverse industries. Our findings have resulted in design recommendations that should inform both ends and means of human-drone interaction research. These include, but are not limited to: safety-related protocols, insights from domain-specific use cases, and relevant practices outside of hands-on flight.
- Goodrich Michael A., Morse Bryan S., Gerhardt Damon, Cooper Joseph L., Quigley Morgan, Adams Julie A., and Humphrey Curtis. 2007. Supporting wilderness search and rescue using a camera‐equipped mini UAV. Journal of Field Robotics 25, 1‐2 (2007), 89–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.20226Google ScholarCross Ref
- Parastoo Abtahi, David Y. Zhao, Jane L. E., and James A. Landay. 2017. Drone Near Me: Exploring Touch-Based Human-Drone Interaction. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 1, 3, Article 34 (Sept. 2017), 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3130899Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mauro Avila, Markus Funk, and Niels Henze. 2015. DroneNavigator: Using Drones for Navigating Visually Impaired Persons. In Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility (Lisbon, Portugal) (ASSETS ’15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 327–328. https://doi.org/10.1145/2700648.2811362Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mehmet Aydın Baytaş, Damla Çay, Yuchong Zhang, Mohammad Obaid, Asim Evren Yantaç, and Morten Fjeld. 2019. The Design of Social Drones: A Review of Studies on Autonomous Flyers in Inhabited Environments. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 250, 13 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300480Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mehmet Aydın Baytaş, Markus Funk, Sara Ljungblad, Jérémie Garcia, Joseph La Delfa, and Florian “Floyd” Mueller. 2020. IHDI 2020: Interdisciplinary Workshop on Human-Drone Interaction. In Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1145/3334480.3375149Google ScholarDigital Library
- Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology 3, 2 (2006), 77–101.Google Scholar
- Jones Brennan, Anthony Tang, and Carman Neustaedter. 2019. Drones for Remote Collaboration in Wilderness Search and Rescue. In 1st International Workshop on Human-Drone Interaction. Ecole Nationale de l’Aviation Civile [ENAC], Glasgow, United Kingdom. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02128391Google Scholar
- Anke M. Brock, Jessica Cauchard, Markus Funk, Jérémie Garcia, Mohamed Khamis, and Matjaž Kljun. 2019. IHDI: International Workshop on Human-Drone Interaction. In Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI EA ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290607.3299001Google ScholarDigital Library
- Anke M. Brock, Julia Chatain, Michelle Park, Tommy Fang, Martin Hachet, James A. Landay, and Jessica R. Cauchard. 2018. FlyMap: Interacting with Maps Projected from a Drone. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays (Munich, Germany) (PerDis ’18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 13, 9 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3205873.3205877Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mira Crouch and Heather McKenzie. 2006. The logic of small samples in interview-based qualitative research. Social Science Information 45, 4 (2006), 483–499. https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018406069584Google ScholarCross Ref
- K. Dorling, J. Heinrichs, G. G. Messier, and S. Magierowski. 2017. Vehicle Routing Problems for Drone Delivery. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 47, 1 (Jan 2017), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2016.2582745Google ScholarCross Ref
- Graham Dove, Kim Halskov, Jodi Forlizzi, and John Zimmerman. 2017. UX Design Innovation: Challenges for Working with Machine Learning as a Design Material. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 278–288. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025739Google ScholarDigital Library
- Federal Aviation Administration. 2020. Unmanned Aircraft Systems. In FAA Aerospace Forecast Fiscal Years 2020-2040. 41–63. https://www.faa.gov/data_research/aviation/aerospace_forecasts/media/FY2020-40_FAA_Aerospace_Forecast.pdf. Accessed: 2020-08-30.Google Scholar
- Colin M. Gray. 2016. ”It’s More of a Mindset Than a Method”: UX Practitioners’ Conception of Design Methods. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (San Jose, California, USA) (CHI ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 4044–4055. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858410Google ScholarDigital Library
- Colin M. Gray, Erik Stolterman, and Martin A. Siegel. 2014. Reprioritizing the Relationship between HCI Research and Practice: Bubble-up and Trickle-down Effects. In Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (Vancouver, BC, Canada) (DIS ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 725–734. https://doi.org/10.1145/2598510.2598595Google ScholarDigital Library
- Julia M Hildebrand. 2017. Situating hobby drone practices. Digital Culture & Society 3, 2 (2017), 207–218.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Javier Irizarry, Masoud Gheisari, and Bruce N Walker. 2012. Usability assessment of drone technology as safety inspection tools. Journal of Information Technology in Construction (ITcon) 17, 12(2012), 194–212.Google Scholar
- Walther Jensen, Simon Hansen, and Hendrik Knoche. 2018. Knowing You, Seeing Me: Investigating User Preferences in Drone-Human Acknowledgement. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Montreal QC, Canada) (CHI ’18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 365, 12 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173939Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yunus Karaca, Mustafa Cicek, Ozgur Tatli, Aynur Sahin, Sinan Pasli, Muhammed Fatih Beser, and Suleyman Turedi. 2018. The potential use of unmanned aircraft systems (drones) in mountain search and rescue operations. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 36, 4 (2018), 583 – 588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2017.09.025Google ScholarCross Ref
- Kari Daniel Karjalainen, Anna Elisabeth Sofia Romell, Photchara Ratsamee, Asim Evren Yantac, Morten Fjeld, and Mohammad Obaid. 2017. Social Drone Companion for the Home Environment: A User-Centric Exploration. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction (Bielefeld, Germany) (HAI ’17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3125774Google ScholarDigital Library
- Md. Nafiz Hasan Khan and Carman Neustaedter. 2019. An Exploratory Study of the Use of Drones for Assisting Firefighters During Emergency Situations. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 272, 14 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300502Google ScholarDigital Library
- Md. Nafiz Hasan Khan and Carman Neustaedter. 2019. Exploring Drones to Assist Firefighters During Emergencies. In 1st International Workshop on Human-Drone Interaction. Ecole Nationale de l’Aviation Civile [ENAC], Glasgow, United Kingdom. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02128386Google Scholar
- Ji-Eun Kim, Larry Kessler, Zach McCauley, Itsumi Niiyama, and Linda Ng Boyle. 2020. Human factors considerations in designing a personalized mobile dialysis device: An interview study. Applied Ergonomics 85(2020), 103003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2019.103003Google ScholarCross Ref
- Pascal Knierim, Steffen Maurer, Katrin Wolf, and Markus Funk. 2018. Quadcopter-projected in-situ navigation cues for improved location awareness. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 433.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Udo Kuckartz. 2014. Qualitative text analysis: A guide to methods, practice and using software. Sage.Google Scholar
- Udo Kuckartz and Stefan Rädiker. 2019. Analyzing qualitative data with MAXQDA. Springer.Google Scholar
- Joseph La Delfa, Mehmet Aydın Baytaş, Rakesh Patibanda, Hazel Ngari, Rohit Ashok Khot, and Florian “Floyd” Mueller. 2020. Drone Chi: Somaesthetic Human-Drone Interaction. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376786Google ScholarDigital Library
- Florian ’Floyd’ Mueller and Matthew Muirhead. 2015. Jogging with a Quadcopter. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Seoul, Republic of Korea) (CHI ’15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2023–2032. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702472Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mohammad Obaid, Felix Kistler, Gabrielė Kasparavičiūtė, Asim Evren Yantaç, and Morten Fjeld. 2016. How Would You Gesture Navigate a Drone?: A User-centered Approach to Control a Drone. In Proceedings of the 20th International Academic Mindtrek Conference (Tampere, Finland) (AcademicMindtrek ’16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1145/2994310.2994348Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mohammad Obaid, Omar Mubin, Scott Andrew Brown, Asim Evren Yantac, Mai Otsuki, and Hideaki Kuzuoka. 2020. DroEye: Introducing a Social Eye Prototype for Drones. In Companion of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (Cambridge, United Kingdom) (HRI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 378–380. https://doi.org/10.1145/3371382.3378313Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lawrence A Palinkas, Sarah M Horwitz, Carla A Green, Jennifer P Wisdom, Naihua Duan, and Kimberly Hoagwood. 2015. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and policy in mental health and mental health services research 42, 5 (2015), 533–544.Google Scholar
- Mirjana Prpa, Sarah Fdili-Alaoui, Thecla Schiphorst, and Philippe Pasquier. 2020. Articulating Experience: Reflections from Experts Applying Micro-Phenomenology to Design Research in HCI. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–14.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Agoston Restas. 2015. Drone applications for supporting disaster management. World Journal of Engineering and Technology 3, 03 (2015), 316.Google ScholarCross Ref
- David J. Roedl and Erik Stolterman. 2013. Design Research at CHI and Its Applicability to Design Practice. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Paris, France) (CHI ’13). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1951–1954. https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2466257Google ScholarDigital Library
- Andrzej Romanowski, Sven Mayer, Lars Lischke, Krzysztof Grudzień, Tomasz Jaworski, Izabela Perenc, Przemyslaw Kucharski, Mohammad Obaid, Tomasz Kosizski, and Pawel W. Wozniak. 2017. Towards Supporting Remote Cheering During Running Races with Drone Technology. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI EA ’17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2867–2874. https://doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053218Google ScholarDigital Library
- Herbert J Rubin and Irene S Rubin. 2011. Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data. sage.Google Scholar
- Benjamin Saunders, Julius Sim, Tom Kingstone, Shula Baker, Jackie Waterfield, Bernadette Bartlam, Heather Burroughs, and Clare Jinks. 2018. Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Quality & quantity 52, 4 (2018), 1893–1907.Google Scholar
- Jürgen Scheible and Markus Funk. 2016. In-situ-displaydrone: Facilitating Co-located Interactive Experiences via a Flying Screen. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays (Oulu, Finland) (PerDis ’16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 251–252. https://doi.org/10.1145/2914920.2940334Google ScholarDigital Library
- N. Sharkey. 2009. Death strikes from the sky: the calculus of proportionality. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 28, 1 (Spring 2009), 16–19. https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2009.931865Google ScholarCross Ref
- Maximilian Speicher, Brian D Hall, and Michael Nebeling. 2019. What is mixed reality?. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–15.Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. M. Teixeira, R. Ferreira, M. Santos, and V. Teichrieb. 2014. Teleoperation Using Google Glass and AR, Drone for Structural Inspection. In 2014 XVI Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality. 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1109/SVR.2014.42Google ScholarCross Ref
- D. Tezza and M. Andujar. 2019. The State-of-the-Art of Human–Drone Interaction: A Survey. IEEE Access 7(2019), 167438–167454.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Dante Tezza, Derek Caprio, Denis Laesker, and Marvin Andujar. 2020. Let’s Fly! An Analysis of Flying FPV Drones Through an Online Survey. In Proceedings of the Interdisciplinary Workshop on Human-Drone Interaction (iHDI 2020).Google Scholar
- Christopher James Vincent and Ann Blandford. 2017. How do health service professionals consider human factors when purchasing interactive medical devices? A qualitative interview study. Applied Ergonomics 59(2017), 114 – 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.08.025Google ScholarCross Ref
- Michael Walker, Hooman Hedayati, Jennifer Lee, and Daniel Szafir. 2018. Communicating Robot Motion Intent with Augmented Reality. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (Chicago, IL, USA) (HRI ’18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 316–324. https://doi.org/10.1145/3171221.3171253Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yang Wang, Huichuan Xia, Yaxing Yao, and Yun Huang. 2016. Flying eyes and hidden controllers: A qualitative study of people’s privacy perceptions of civilian drones in the US. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2016, 3(2016), 172–190.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Qian Yang, Alex Scuito, John Zimmerman, Jodi Forlizzi, and Aaron Steinfeld. 2018. Investigating How Experienced UX Designers Effectively Work with Machine Learning. In Proceedings of the 2018 Designing Interactive Systems Conference (Hong Kong, China) (DIS ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 585–596. https://doi.org/10.1145/3196709.3196730Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yaxing Yao, Huichuan Xia, Yun Huang, and Yang Wang. 2017. Free to Fly in Public Spaces: Drone Controllers’ Privacy Perceptions and Practices. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 6789–6793. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3026049Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yaxing Yao, Huichuan Xia, Yun Huang, and Yang Wang. 2017. Privacy Mechanisms for Drones: Perceptions of Drone Controllers and Bystanders. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 6777–6788. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025907Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- What Matters in Professional Drone Pilots’ Practice? An Interview Study to Understand the Complexity of Their Work and Inform Human-Drone Interaction Research
Recommendations
CandyFly: Bringing fun to drone pilots with disabilities through adapted and adaptable interactions
CHI '22: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsFlying drones is an increasingly popular activity. However, it is challenging due to the required perceptual and motor skills for following and stabilizing the drone, especially for people with special needs. This paper describes CandyFly, an ...
Social Proxemics of Human-Drone Interaction: Flying Altitude and Size
HRI '18: Companion of the 2018 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot InteractionTo what extent do humans comfortably approach to hovering drones? In human-robot interaction, social proxemics is somewhat known. Han & Bae showed that students usually stand as far apart as the height of tele-robot teacher [1]. As commercial drone ...
iHDI 2020: Interdisciplinary Workshop on Human-Drone Interaction
CHI EA '20: Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsHuman-drone interaction (HDI) is becoming a ubiquitous topic in daily life, and a rising research topic within CHI. Knowledge from a wealth of disciplines -- design, engineering, social sciences, and humanities -- can inform the design and scholarship of ...
Comments