Yen-Chun Li
ABSTRACT
As cloud gaming and Virtual Reality (VR) games become popular in the game industry, game developers engage in these fields to boost their sales. Because cloud gaming possesses the merit of lifting computation loads from client devices to servers, it solves the high resource consumption issue of VR games on regular clients. However, it is important to know where is the bottleneck of the cloud VR gaming platform and how can it be improved in the future. In this paper, we conduct extensive experiments on the state-of-the-art cloud VR gaming platform--Air Light VR (ALVR). In particular, we analyze the performance of ALVR using both Quality-of-Service and Quality-of-Experience metrics. Our experiments reveal that latency (up to 90 ms RTT) has less influence on user experience compared to bandwidth limitation (as small as 35 Mbps) and packet loss rate (as high as 8%) . Moreover, we find that VR gamers can hardly notice the difference between the gaming experience with different latency values (between 0 and 90 ms RTT). Such findings shed some lights on how to further improve the cloud VR gaming platform, e.g., a budget of up to 90 ms RTT may be used to absorb network dynamics when bandwidth is insufficient.
- 2002. Dummynet, A Traffic Shaper, Bandwidth Manager and Delay Emulator. https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?dummynet.Google Scholar
- 2016. OpenGL ES Official Website. https://www.khronos.org/opengles/.Google Scholar
- 2016. SteamVR Official Website. https://store.steampowered.com/steamvr.Google Scholar
- 2020. Cloud Gaming Market by Offering, Device Type, Solution, Gamer Type, Region--Global Forecast to 2024. https://reurl.cc/ld5j89.Google Scholar
- Wei Cai, Ryan Shea, Chun-Ying Huang, Kuan-Ta Chen, Jiangchuan Liu, Victor CM Leung, and Cheng-Hsin Hsu. 2016. A Survey on Cloud Gaming: Future of Computer Games. IEEE Access 4 (2016), 7605--7620.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Chun-Ming Chang, Cheng-Hsin Hsu, Chih-Fan Hsu, and Kuan-Ta Chen. 2016. Performance Measurements of Virtual Reality Systems: Quantifying the Timing and Positioning Accuracy. In Proc. of ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM'16). Amsterdam, The Netherland, 655--659.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Huiyu Duan, Guangtao Zhai, Xiongkuo Min, Yucheng Zhu, Yi Fang, and Xiaokang Yang. 2018. Perceptual Quality Assessment of Omnidirectional Images. In Proc. of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS'18). Shanghai, China, 1--5.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Chun-Ying Huang, Cheng-Hsin Hsu, Yu-Chun Chang, and Kuan-Ta Chen. 2013. GamingAnywhere: An Open Cloud Gaming System. In Proc. of ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys'13). Oslo, Norway, 36--47.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chun-Ying Huang, Yu-Ling Huang, Yu-Hsuan Chi, Kuan-Ta Chen, and ChengHsin Hsu. 2015. To Cloud or Not to Cloud: Measuring the Performance of Mobile Gaming. In Proc. of ACM Workshop on Mobile Gaming (MobiGame'15). Florence, Italy, 19--24.Google ScholarDigital Library
- JackD38. 2017. ALVR Github. https://github.com/JackD83/ALVR.Google Scholar
- Michael Jarschel, Daniel Schlosser, Sven Scheuring, and Tobias Hoßfeld. 2011. An Evaluation of QoE in Cloud Gaming Based on Subjective Tests. In Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing (IMIS'11). Seoul, South Korea, 330--335.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Adam Langley, Alistair Riddoch, Alyssa Wilk, Antonio Vicente, Charles Krasic, Dan Zhang, Fan Yang, Fedor Kouranov, Ian Swett, and Janardhan Iyengar. 2017. The QUIC Transport Protocol: Design and Internet-Scale Deployment. In Proc. of International Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM'17). Los Angeles, CA, 183--196.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Luyang Liu, Ruiguang Zhong, Wuyang Zhang, Yunxin Liu, Jiansong Zhang, Lintao Zhang, and Marco Gruteser. 2018. Cutting the CORD: Designing a HighQuality Untethered VR System with Low Latency Remote Rendering. In Proc. of Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys'18). Munich, Germany, 68--80.Google ScholarDigital Library
- ResearchAndMarkets. 2020. Global Virtual Reality (VR) Market 2019--2025: Expected to Rise at a CAGR of 32.9%. https://reurl.cc/e8m40x.Google Scholar
- slhck. 2017. SITI Github. https://github.com/slhck/siti.Google Scholar
- Wei Sun, Ke Gu, Siwei Ma, Wenhan Zhu, Ning Liu, and Guangtao Zhai. 2018. A Large-Scale Compressed 360-Degree Spherical Image Database: From Subjective Quality Evaluation to Objective Model Comparison. In Proc. of IEEE nternational Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP'18). Shanghai, China, 1--6.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Wei Sun, Xiongkuo Min, Guangtao Zhai, Ke Gu, Huiyu Duan, and Siwei Ma. 2020. MC360IQA: A Multi-channel CNN for Blind 360-Degree Image Quality Assessment. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 14, 1 (2020), 64-- 77.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Zheng Xue, Di Wu, Jian He, Xiaojun Hei, and Yong Liu. 2014. Playing High-End Video Games in the Cloud: A Measurement Study. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 25, 12 (2014), 2013--2025.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Shun-Huai Yao, Ching-Ling Fan, and Cheng-Hsin Hsu. 2019. Towards Qualityof-Experience Models for Watching 360° Videos in Head-Mounted Virtual Reality. In Proc. of International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX'19). Berlin, Germany, 1--3.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ruiguang Zhong, Manni Wang, Zijian Chen, Luyang Liu, Yunxin Liu, Jiansong Zhang, Lintao Zhang, and Thomas Moscibroda. 2017. On Building a Programmable Wireless High-Quality Virtual Reality System Using Commodity Hardware. In Proc. of ACM Asia-Pacific Workshop on Systems (APSys'17). Mumbai, India, 1--7.Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Performance Measurements on a Cloud VR Gaming Platform
Recommendations
Garden: A Mixed Reality Experience Combining Virtual Reality and 3D Reconstruction
CHI EA '16: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing SystemsGarden is a Mixed Reality (MR) experience that combines both Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), and lets players transform their environment into a virtual garden they can play in. This is done by doing both stereoscopic rendering and 3D ...
Reductions in sickness with repeated exposure to HMD-based virtual reality appear to be game-specific
AbstractWhile head-mounted display (HMD) based gaming is often limited by cybersickness, research suggests that repeated exposure to virtual reality (VR) can reduce the severity of these symptoms. This study was therefore aimed at: (1) examining the ...
Player Experience in a VR and Non-VR Multiplayer Game
VRIC '18: Proceedings of the Virtual Reality International Conference - Laval VirtualSeveral studies compared the player experience of Virtual Reality (VR) games and non-VR games. However, there is a lack of research on the specific subject of VR and non-VR multiplayer games. Therefore, this work explores how implementing a multiplayer ...
Comments