research-article

Measuring and Modeling Group Dynamics in Open-Source Software Development: A Tensor Decomposition Approach

Authors:
Thomas Bock

Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany

Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany

0000-0001-6906-3489
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,
Angelika Schmid

IBM, München, Germany

IBM, München, Germany

0000-0002-9274-3666
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,
Sven Apel

Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany

Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany

0000-0003-3687-2233
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ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology Volume 31 Issue 2Article No.: 19pp 1–50https://doi.org/10.1145/3473139

Published:17 November 2021Publication History

ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology

Abstract

Many open-source software projects depend on a few core developers, who take over both the bulk of coordination and programming tasks. They are supported by peripheral developers, who contribute either via discussions or programming tasks, often for a limited time. It is unclear what role these peripheral developers play in the programming and communication efforts, as well as the temporary task-related sub-groups in the projects. We mine code-repository data and mailing-list discussions to model the relationships and contributions of developers in a social network and devise a method to analyze the temporal collaboration structures in communication and programming, learning about the strength and stability of social sub-groups in open-source software projects. Our method uses multi-modal social networks on a series of time windows. Previous work has reduced the network structure representing developer collaboration to networks with only one type of interaction, which impedes the simultaneous analysis of more than one type of interaction. We use both communication and version-control data of open-source software projects and model different types of interaction over time. To demonstrate the practicability of our measurement and analysis method, we investigate 10 substantial and popular open-source software projects and show that, if sub-groups evolve, modeling these sub-groups helps predict the future evolution of interaction levels of programmers and groups of developers. Our method allows maintainers and other stakeholders of open-source software projects to assess instabilities and organizational changes in developer interaction and can be applied to different use cases in organizational analysis, such as understanding the dynamics of a specific incident or discussion.

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Index Terms

Measuring and Modeling Group Dynamics in Open-Source Software Development: A Tensor Decomposition Approach
1. Software and its engineering
  1. Software creation and management
    1. Collaboration in software development
      1. Open source model

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Despite initial suggestions to the contrary, open source software projects exhibit many of the fundamental tenets of software engineering. Likewise, the existence of category-killer apps suggests that conventional software engineering can draw some ...
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Published in
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology Volume 31, Issue 2
April 2022
789 pages
ISSN:1049-331X
EISSN:1557-7392
DOI:10.1145/3492439
Editor:
Mauro Pezzè
USI Università della Svizzera italiana and SIT Schaffhausen Institute of Technology, Switzerland
Issue’s Table of Contents
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].
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Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery
New York, NY, United States
Publication History
- Published: 17 November 2021
- Accepted: 1 June 2021
- Revised: 1 May 2021
- Received: 1 December 2020
Published in tosem Volume 31, Issue 2

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Author Tags
Coordination
group structures
open-source software
repository mining
tensor decomposition
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Measuring and Modeling Group Dynamics in Open-Source Software Development: A Tensor Decomposition Approach

ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology

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Open Source Software: Lessons from and for Software Engineering