ABSTRACT
The fast-growing trend of Internet of Things (IoT) has provided its users with opportunities to improve user experience such as voice assistants, smart cameras, and home energy management systems. Such smart home applications often require large numbers of diverse training data to accomplish a robust model. As single user may not have enough data to train such a model, users intent to collaboratively train their collected data in order to achieve better performance in such applications, which raise the concern of data privacy protection. Existing approaches for collaborative training need to aggregate data or intermediate model training updates in the cloud to perform load forecasting, which could directly or indirectly cause personal data leakage, alongside with significant communication bandwidth and extra cloud service monetary cost.
In this paper, to ensure the performance of smart home applications as well as the protection of user data privacy, we introduce the decentralized federated learning framework for the neighborhood and show the study on residential building load forecasting application as an example. We present PriResi, a privacy-preserved, communication-efficient and cloud-service-free load forecasting system to solve the above problems in a residential building. We first introduce a decentralized federated learning framework, which allows the residents to process all collected data locally on the edge by broadcasting the model updates between the smart home agent in each residence. Second, we propose a gradient selection mechanism to reduce the number of aggregated gradients and the frequency of gradient broadcasting to achieve communication-efficient and high prediction results. The real-word dataset experiments show that our method can achieve 97% of load forecasting accuracy while preserving residences' privacy. We believe that our proposed decentralized federated learning framework can be widely used in other smart home applications as well.
- [Accessed in JUL. 2021]. Energy Star: Save Energy. https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/ ([Accessed in JUL. 2021]).Google Scholar
- [Accessed in JUL. 2021]. Help Net Security. https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2020/01/28/accessing-cloud-services/ ([Accessed in JUL. 2021]).Google Scholar
- [Accessed in JUL. 2021]. Pecan Street dataset. https://www.pecanstreet.org/dataport/about/ ([Accessed in JUL. 2021]).Google Scholar
- [Accessed in JUL. 2021]. RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS FACTSHEET. http://css.umich.edu/factsheets/ ([Accessed in JUL. 2021]).Google Scholar
- Y. Agarwal, B. Balaji, and R. Gupta. 2010. Occupancy-driven energy management for smart building automation. In Proc. of the 2nd ACM workshop on embedded sensing systems for energy-efficiency in building.Google Scholar
- U. Matchi Aivodji, S. Gambs, and A. Martin. 2019. IOTFLA: A secured and privacy-preserving smart home architecture implementing federated learning. In 2019 IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops (SPW).Google Scholar
- M. Al Faruque and K. Vatanparvar. 2015. Energy management-as-a-service over fog computing platform. IEEE internet of things journal (2015).Google Scholar
- H. Chang, W. Chiu, H. Sun, and C. Chen. 2018. User-centric multiobjective approach to privacy preservation and energy cost minimization in smart home. IEEE Systems Journal (2018).Google Scholar
- J. Chou and N. Truong. 2019. Cloud forecasting system for monitoring and alerting of energy use by home appliances. Applied Energy (2019).Google Scholar
- US DOE. 2015. An assessment of energy technologies and research opportunities. Quadrennial Technology Review. United States Department of Energy (2015).Google Scholar
- Yaochen Hu, Di Niu, Jianming Yang, and Shengping Zhou. 2019. FDML: A collaborative machine learning framework for distributed features. In Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining. 2232--2240.Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Javed, H. Larijani, A. Ahmadinia, and D. Gibson. 2016. Smart random neural network controller for HVAC using cloud computing technology. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics (2016).Google Scholar
- Z. Kong, W.and Dong and Y. Jia. 2017. Short-term residential load forecasting based on LSTM recurrent neural network. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (2017).Google Scholar
- Y. Lu, X. Huang, Y. Dai, S. Maharjan, and Y. Zhang. 2019. Blockchain and federated learning for privacy-preserved data sharing in industrial IoT. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics (2019).Google Scholar
- X. Luo, L. Oyedele, and A. Ajayi. 2019. Development of an IoT-based big data platform for day-ahead prediction of building heating and cooling demands. Advanced Engineering Informatics (2019).Google Scholar
- B. McMahan, E. Moore, D. Ramage, and S. Hampson. 2017. Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data. In Artificial Intelligence and Statistics.Google Scholar
- P. Petersen and F. Voigtlaender. 2018. Optimal approximation of piecewise smooth functions using deep ReLU neural networks. Neural Networks (2018).Google Scholar
- Bipartisan Policy. 2020. Annual Energy Outlook. (2020).Google Scholar
- Y. Saputra, D. Hoang, and E. Nguyen, D. and Dutkiewicz. 2019. Energy demand prediction with federated learning for electric vehicle networks. In 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).Google Scholar
- M. Soliman, T. Abiodun, and T. Hamouda. 2013. Smart home: Integrating internet of things with web services and cloud computing. In 2013 IEEE 5th International conference on cloud computing technology and science.Google Scholar
- A. Taik and S. Cherkaoui. 2020. Electrical Load Forecasting Using Edge Computing and Federated Learning. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).Google Scholar
- R. Tom, S. Sankaranarayanan, and J. Rodrigues. 2019. Smart Energy Management and Demand Reduction by Consumers and Utilities in an IoT-Fog-Based Power Distribution System. IEEE Internet of Things Journal (2019).Google Scholar
- N. Tran and A. Bao, W. and Zomaya. 2019. Federated learning over wireless networks: Optimization model design and analysis. In 2019 IEEE INFOCOM.Google Scholar
- N. Truong, J. McInerney, and L. Tran-Thanh. 2013. Forecasting multi-appliance usage for smart home energy management. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Third International joint conference on Artificial Intelligence.Google Scholar
- S. Wang, T. Tuor, T. Salonidis, K. K. Leung, C. Makaya, T. He, and K. Chan. 2019. Adaptive Federated Learning in Resource Constrained Edge Computing Systems. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (2019).Google Scholar
- L. Yang, X. Chen, J. Zhang, and H. Poor. 2014. Optimal privacy-preserving energy management for smart meters. In 2014-IEEE INFOCOM.Google Scholar
- Y. Ye, S. Li, F. Liu, Y. Tang, and W. Hu. 2020. EdgeFed: Optimized Federated Learning Based on Edge Computing. IEEE Access (2020).Google Scholar
- K. Zhou, C. Fu, and S. Yang. 2016. Big data driven smart energy management: From big data to big insights. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2016).Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Decentralized Federated Learning Framework for the Neighborhood: A Case Study on Residential Building Load Forecasting
Recommendations
LSTM Short-term Residential Load Forecasting Based on Federated Learning
CMAAE 2021: 2021 International Conference on Mechanical, Aerospace and Automotive EngineeringThe ever-expanding smart grids allow a large number of household electricity load data to be collected and stored for further research. Deep learning models are trained to analyze and predict residents' load by using their electricity data, which is ...
Federated learning for 5G base station traffic forecasting
AbstractCellular traffic prediction is of great importance on the path of enabling 5G mobile networks to perform intelligent and efficient infrastructure planning and management. However, available data are limited to base station logging information. ...
Highlights- Providing insights on the application of federated learning for a real-world time-series forecasting task.
- Identifying the challenges of training federated time-series forecasting models with mixed types of non-iid data.
- Discussing ...
A General Federated Learning Scheme with Blockchain on Non-IID Data
Information Security and CryptologyAbstractThe security of machine learning has received a lot of attention from the community. Federated learning enables more secure training processes of models in machine learning via local training and parameter interactions of participants. However, ...
Comments