Jack A. Chambers
Skip Abstract Section
Abstract
The use of computers to assist in the learning situation in a simulation, game, tutorial, or drill and practice mode is reviewed on an international basis with centers of activity identified in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan. The use of the computer as an adjunct to support learning is compared to its use in a substitution mode. Evaluative studies of CAI are reviewed and costs are examined. The critical issues of CAI are enumerated and analyzed as they pertain to computer hardware, CAI languages, and courseware development and use. The future of CAI is briefly sketched from the viewpoints of individuals prominent in the field. Finally, conclusions are drawn and recommendations are offered to help ensure the most educationally cost-effective use of CAI in learning situations.
- 1 The ABCk of CA I, Fourth Edition. California State Univ., Fresno, Calif., 1979.Google Scholar
- 2 Alderman, D.L. Evalution of the TICCIT Computer-Assisted Instruction System in the Community College. Educational Testing Service, Princeton, N.J., 1978.Google Scholar
- 3 Alderman, D.L. Personal Communication. Educational Testing Service, Princeton, N.J., Jan. 1977.Google Scholar
- 4 Ames, R.G., and Carpino, S. The Demand for Instructional Computing Resources: 1976-1980. California State University and Colleges. California State Univ., Hayward, Calif., 1977.Google Scholar
- 5 Atkinson, R.C. Futures: Where will computer-assisted instruction (CAI) be in 1990? Educational Technology 18, 4 (1978), 60.Google Scholar
- 6 Avner, R.A. Cost-effective applications of computer-based education. Educational Technology 18, 4 (1978), 24-26.Google Scholar
- 7 Baker, J.C. Corporate involvement in CA1. Educational Technology 18, 4 (1978), 12-16.Google Scholar
- 8 Basu, C.K., and Ramachandran, K. Educational technology in India. In International Yearbook of Educational and Instructional Technology 1978/1979, A. Howe and A.J. Romiszowski, Eds., Nichols Pub. Co., New York, 1978, pp. 242-250.Google Scholar
- 9 Bitzer, D. Futures: Where will computer-assisted instruction (CAI) be in 1990? Educational Technology 18. 4 (1978), 61.Google Scholar
- 10 Blaschke, C.L. Microcomputer software development for schools: What, who, how? Educational Technology 19 (1979), 26-28.Google Scholar
- 11 Bork, A. Machines for computer-assisted learning. Educational Technology 18, 4 (1978), 17-20.Google Scholar
- 12 Bork, A., and Franklin, S. Personal computers in learning. Educational Technology 19 (1979), 7-12.Google Scholar
- 13 Brown, J.S. Fundamental research in technology in science education. In Technology in Science Education: The Next 10 Years, Nat. Sci. Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1979, pp. 11-18.Google Scholar
- 14 Bunderson, C.V. Futures: Where will computer-assisted instruction (CAI) be in 1990? Educational Technology 18, 4 (1978), 62.Google Scholar
- 15 CAI helping pupils move four grades in three years. Computerworld 11 (June 13, 1977), 16.Google Scholar
- 16 Carnegie Commission on Higher Education. The Fourth Revolution: Instructional Technology in Higher Education. McGraw- Hill, New York, 1977.Google Scholar
- 17 Chadwick, C. The multidimensional projects of the OAS in educational technology. In International Yearbook of Educational and Instructional Technology 1978/1979, A. Howe and A.J. Romiszowski, Eds., Nichols Pub. Co., New York, 1978, pp. 290-296.Google Scholar
- 18 Chambers, J.A. College teachers: Their effect on creativity of students. ,1. Educational Psychol. 65 (1973), 326-334.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 19 Charp, S. Futures: Where will computer-assisted instruction (CAI) be in 1990? Educational Technology 18, 4 (1978), 62.Google Scholar
- 20 CONDUIT. Catalog of CONDUIT reviewed and tested materials. Pipeline (Summer 1979), 13-36.Google Scholar
- 21 Costa, J.M. de M. Prospects for distance education in Brazili. In International Yearbook of Educational and Instructional Technology 1978/1979, A. Howe and A.J. Romiszowski, Eds., Nichols Pub. Co., New York, 1978, pp. 297-311.Google Scholar
- 22 Critchfield, M. Beyond CAI: Computers as personal intellectual tools. Educational Technology 19 (1979), 18-25.Google Scholar
- 23 Dean, P.M. Computer-assisted instruction authoring systems. Educational Technology 18, 4 (1978), 20-23.Google Scholar
- 24 Deignan, G.M., and Duncan, R.E. CAI in three medical training courses: It was effective! Behavior Res. Methods and Instrumentation 10, 2 (1978), 228-230.Google Scholar
- 25 Eisele, J.E. Classroom use of microcomputers. Educational Technology 19 (1979), 13-15.Google Scholar
- 26 Fedida, S., and Dew, B. Viewdata in education. In International Yearbook of Educational and Instructional Technology 1978/1979, A. Howe and A.J. Romiszowski, Eds., Nichols Pub. Co., New York, 1978, pp. 78-86.Google Scholar
- 27 Garvey, B. Instructional technology in Zambia. In International Yearbook of Educational and Instructional Technology 1978/1979, A. Howe and A.J. Romiszowski, Eds., Nichols Pub. Co., New York, 1978, pp. 239-241.Google Scholar
- 28 Hansen, D.N., and Johnson, B. CAI Myths That Need to Be Destroyed and CA1 Myths That We Ought to Create. Florida State Univ. Tallahassee, 1971.Google Scholar
- 29 Hawkins, C.A. Computer based learning: Why and where is it alive and well? Comptrs. and Education 2, 3 (1978), 187-196.Google Scholar
- 30 Hirschbuhl, J.J. Futures: Where will computer-assisted instruction (CAI) be in 1990? Educational Technology 18, 4 (1978), 62.Google Scholar
- 31 Hooper, R. The national development programme in computerassisted learning. In International Yearbook of Educational and Instructional Technology 1978/1979, A. Howe and A.J. Romiszowski, Eds., Nichols Pub. Co., New York, 1978, pp. 173-179.Google Scholar
- 32 Howe, A., and Romiszowski, A.J., Eds. International Yearbook of Educational and Instructional Technology 1978/1979. Nichols Pub. Co., New York, 1978.Google Scholar
- 33 Howe, J.A.M., and du Boulay, B. Microprocessor assisted learning: Turning the clock back? Programmed Learning and Education Technology 16 (1979), 240-246.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 34 Kearsley, G.P. Some "facts" about CAI: Trends 1970-1976. J. of Educational Data Processing 13, 3 (1976), 1-12.Google Scholar
- 35 Kearsley, G.P. The cost of CAI: A matter of assumption. AEDS J. 10, 3 (1977), 100-110.Google Scholar
- 36 Laurillard, D.M. The design and development of CA1 materials in undergraduate science. Comptr. Graphics 2 (1977), 241-247.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 37 Levien, R.E. The Emerging Technology: Instructional Uses of the Computer in Higher Education. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1972.Google Scholar
- 38 Licklider, J.C.R. Impact of information technology on education in science and technology. In Technology in Science Education: The Next 10 Years, Nat. Sci. Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1979, pp. 1-10.Google Scholar
- 39 Luehrmann, A. Technology in science education. In Technology in Science Education: The Next 10 Years, Nat. Sci. Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1979, pp. 11-18.Google Scholar
- 40 Luskin, B.J., Gripp, T.H., Clark, J.R., and Christianson, D.A. Everything You Always Wanted to Know About CA1. Computer Uses in Education, Huntington Beach, Calif., 1972.Google Scholar
- 41 McKenzie, J., Elton, L., and Lewis, R. Interactive Computer Graphics in Science Teaching. Halstead Press, New York, 1978. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 42 Magidson, E.M. Issue overview: Trends in computer-assisted instruction. Educational Technology 18, 4 (1978), 5-8.Google Scholar
- 43 Matthews, J.l. Microcomputer vs. minicomputer for educational computing. Educational Technology 18, 11 (1978), 19-22.Google Scholar
- 44 Microcomputer Report. Minnesota Educational Comptng. Consortium, Instructional Services Division, Lauderdale, Minn., July 1979.Google Scholar
- 45 Morrison, F. Personal Communication. Phoenix College, Feb. 1980.Google Scholar
- 46 Murphy, R.T., and Appel, L.R. Evaluation of the Plato I V Computer-Based Education System in the Community College. Educational Testing Service, Princeton, N.J., 1977.Google Scholar
- 47 Neil, M.W. Distance learning in developing countries in relation to the Open University. In International Yearbook of Educational and Instructional Technology 1978/1979, A. Howe and A.J. Romiszowski, Eds., Nichols Pub. Co., New York, 1978, pp. 104-115.Google Scholar
- 48 Neil, M.W. The educational imperative in developing countries. In International Yearbook of Educational and Instructional Technology 1978/1979, A. Howe, and A.J. Romiszowski, Eds., Nichols Pub. Co., New York, 1978, pp. 87-90.Google Scholar
- 49 Neuhauser, J.J. A necessary redirection for certain educational technologies. Comptrs. and Education 1, 4 (1977), 187-192.Google Scholar
- 50 Norris, W.C. Via technology to a new era in education. Phi Delta Kappan 58, 2 (1977) 451-453.Google Scholar
- 51 Northedge, A., and Durbridge, N. The use of tutorials in the Open University. In International Yearbook of Educational and Instructional Technology 1978/1979, A. Howe and A.J. Romiszowski, Eds., Nichols Pub. Co., New York, 1978, 34-43.Google Scholar
- 52 Okey, J.R., and Majer, K. Individual and small group learning with computer-assisted instruction. Audio Visual Communication Rev. 24, 1 (1976), 79-86.Google Scholar
- 53 Olivier, W.P. Personal communication. The Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Ontario, Canada, June 1979.Google Scholar
- 54 Paden, D.W., Dalgaard, B.R., and Barr, M.D. A decade of computer-assisted instruction. J. Economic Education 9, 4 (1977), 14- 20.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 55 Passman, B. Personal Communication. Sperry Univac Corp., Blue Bell, Pa., Jan. 1979.Google Scholar
- 56 Pettit, F.R. Computer Assisted Learning--A Review of the Current Practice in the U.K. Comptng. Teaching Centre, Oxford Univ., Oxford, England, 1978.Google Scholar
- 57 Rushby, N.J. The CEDAR Project. Comptr. Centre, Imperial College, London, 1978.Google Scholar
- 58 Rushby, N.J. Computer Based Learning in the Soviet Union. Comptr. Centre, Imperial College, London, 1979.Google Scholar
- 59 Sassar, M. Personal communication. Alexandria Community College, Alexandria, Va., Feb. 1980.Google Scholar
- 60 Sakamoto, T. The current state of educational technology in Japan. In International Yearbook of Educational and Instructional Technology 1978/1979, A. Howe and A.J. Romiszowski, Eds., Nichols Pub. Co., New York, 1978, pp. 251-271.Google Scholar
- 61 School shifting teaching aid to micros. Computerworld 12 (Nov. 6, 1978), 63.Google Scholar
- 62 Splittgerber, F.L. Computer-based instruction: A revolution in the making? Educational Technology 19, 1 (1979), 20-26.Google Scholar
- 63 Sprecher, J.W., and Chambers, J.A. Computer-assisted instruction: Factors affecting courseware development. J. Computer- Based Instruction, 1980 (in review).Google Scholar
- 64 Sugarman, R. A second chance for computer-aided instruction. 1CEE Spectrum (Aug. 1978), 29-37.Google Scholar
- 65 Suppes, P. and Macken, E. The historical path from research and development to operational use of CAl. Educational Technology 18, 4 (1978), 9-12.Google Scholar
- 66 Taylor, S., et. al. The effectiveness of CA1. Ann. Convention Assn. for Educational Data Systems, New York, 1974.Google Scholar
- 67 Time-sharing in education--going, going, but not gone. Datamation (Jan. 1977), 138-140.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Computer assisted instruction: current trends and critical issues
Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.
Comments