Dongkun Shin
ABSTRACT
We propose an intra-task voltage scheduling algorithm for low-energy hard real-time applications. Based on a static timing analysis technique, the proposed algorithm controls the supply voltage within an individual task boundary. By fully exploiting all the slack times, a scheduled program by the proposed algorithm always complete its execution near the deadline, thus achieving a high energy reduction ratio. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, we built a software tool that automatically converts a DVS-unaware program into an equivalent low-energy program. Experimental results show that the low-energy version of an MPEG-4 encoder/decoder (converted by the software tool) consumes less than 7$\sim$25% of the original program running on a fixed-voltage system with a power-down mode.
- 1.T. Burd, T. Pering, A. Stratakos, and R. Brodersen. A dynamic voltage scaled microprocessor system. In Proc. of IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, pages 294-295, 2000.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- 2.M. Fleischmann. Crusoe power management: reducing the operating power with LongRun. In Proc. of HotChips 12 Symposium, 2000.Google Scholar
- 3.C. A. Healy, D. B. Whalley, and M. G. Harmon. Integrating the timing analysis of pipelining and instruction caching. In Proc. of the 16th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pages 288-297, 1995. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 4.I. Hong, G. Qu, M. Potkonjak, and M. B. Srivastava. Synthesis techniques for low-power hard real-time systems on variable voltage processor. In Proc. of the 19th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pages 178-187, 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 5.T. Ishihara and H. Yasuura. Voltage scheduling problem for dynamically variable voltage processors. In Proc. of International Symposium On Low Power Electronics and Design, pages 197-202, 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 6.S. Lee and T. Sakurai. Run-time voltage hopping for low-power real-time systems. In Proc. of Design Automation Conference, pages 806-809, 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 7.Y. Lee and C. M. Krishna. Voltage-clock scaling for low energy consumption in real-time embedded systems. In Proc. of the Sixth International Conference on Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications, pages 272-279, 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 8.S.-S. Lim, Y. H. Bae, G. T. Jang, B.-D. Rhee, S. L. Min, C. Y. Park, H. Shin, K. Park, and C. S. Kim. An accurate worst case timing analysis for RISC processors. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 21(7):593-604, 1995. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 9.T. Okuma, T. Ishihara, and H. Yasuura. Real-time task scheduling for a variable voltage processor. In Proc. of International Symposium On System Synthesis, pages 24-29, 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 10.T. Sakurai and A. Newton. Alpha-power law MOSFET model and its application to CMOS inverter delay and other formulas. IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, 25(2):584-594, 1990.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 11.Y. Shin and K. Choi. Power conscious fixed priority scheduling for hard real-time systems. In Proc. of Design Automation Conference, pages 134-139, 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 12.F. Yao, A. Demers, and S. Shenker. A scheduling model for reduced CPU energy. In Proc. of the 36th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, pages 374-382, 1995. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Low-energy intra-task voltage scheduling using static timing analysis
Recommendations
Intra-task scenario-aware voltage scheduling
CASES '05: Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Compilers, architectures and synthesis for embedded systemsModern embedded applications usually have real-time constraints and they have requirements for low energy consumption. At system level, intra-task dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is one of the most effective techniques for energy reduction. It changes the ...
Optimizing intra-task voltage scheduling using data flow analysis
ASP-DAC '05: Proceedings of the 2005 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation ConferenceIntra-task voltage scheduling (IntraDVS), which adjusts the supply voltage within an individual task boundary, is an effective technique for developing low-power applications. In IntraDVS, slack times are estimated by analyzing program's control flow ...
Algorithms for Combined Inter-and Intra-Task Dynamic Voltage Scaling
Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is one of the most effective techniques for reducing energy consumption on battery-operated embedded systems. According to the granularity of units to which voltage scaling is applied, the DVS problem can be divided into ...
Comments