Douglas Enright
ABSTRACT
We present a new method for the animation and rendering of photo-realistic water effects. Our method is designed to produce visually plausible three dimensional effects, for example the pouring of water into a glass (see figure 1) and the breaking of an ocean wave, in a manner which can be used in a computer animation environment. In order to better obtain photorealism in the behavior of the simulated water surface, we introduce a new "thickened" front tracking technique to accurately represent the water surface and a new velocity extrapolation method to move the surface in a smooth, water-like manner. The velocity extrapolation method allows us to provide a degree of control to the surface motion, e.g. to generate a windblown look or to force the water to settle quickly. To ensure that the photorealism of the simulation carries over to the final images, we have integrated our method with an advanced physically based rendering system.
- ADALSTEINSSON, D., AND SETHIAN, J. 1999. The fast construction of extension velocities in level set methods. J. Comp. Phys. 148, 2-22. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- CHEN, J., AND LOBO, N. 1994. Toward interactive-rate simulation of fluids with moving obstacles using the navier-stokes equations. Computer Graphics and Image Processing 57, 107-116. Google ScholarDigital Library
- CHEN, S., JOHNSON, D., AND RAAD, P. 1995. Velocity boundary conditions for the simulation of free surface fluid flow. J. Comp. Phys. 116, 262-276. Google ScholarDigital Library
- CHEN, S., JOHNSON, D., RAAD, P., AND FADDA, D. 1997. The surface marker and micro cell method. Int. J. for Num. Meth. in Fluids 25, 749-778.Google ScholarCross Ref
- ENRIGHT, D., FEDKIW, R., FERZIGER, J., AND MITCHELL, I. 2002. A hybrid particle level set method for improved interface capturing. J. Comp. Phys. To appear. Google ScholarDigital Library
- FOSTER, N., AND FEDKIW, R. 2001. Practical animation of liquids. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2001, ACM Press / ACM SIGGRAPH, E. Fiume, Ed., Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, ACM, 23-30. Google ScholarDigital Library
- FOSTER, N., AND METAXAS, D. 1996. Realistic animation of liquids. Graphical Models and Image Processing 58, 471-483. Google ScholarDigital Library
- FOURNIER, A., AND REEVES, W. T. 1986. A simple model of ocean waves. In Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 86), 20(4), ACM, 75-84. Google ScholarDigital Library
- HARLOW, F., AND WELCH, J. 1965. Numerical calculation of time-dependent viscous incompressible flow of fluid with free surface. Phys. Fluids 8, 2182-2189.Google ScholarCross Ref
- HECKBERT, P. S. 1990. Adaptive radiosity textures for bidirectional ray tracing. In Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 90), vol. 24, ACM, 145-154. Google ScholarDigital Library
- HILTZIK, M. A., AND PHAM, A. 2001. Synthetic actors guild. Los Angeles Times. May 8, 2001, natl. ed.: A1+.Google Scholar
- HIRT, C., AND NICHOLS, B. 1981. Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries. J. Comp. Phys. 39, 201-225.Google ScholarCross Ref
- JENSEN, H. W. 1995. Importance driven path tracing using the photon map. In Eurographics Rendering Workshop 1995, 326-335.Google ScholarCross Ref
- JENSEN, H. W. 2001. Realistic Image Synthesis Using Photon Maps. A K Peters. Google ScholarDigital Library
- JIANG, G.-S., AND PENG, D. 2000. Weighted eno schemes for hamilton-jacobi equations. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 21, 2126-2143. Google ScholarDigital Library
- KAJIYA, J. T. 1986. The rendering equation. In Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 86), vol. 20, 143-150. Google ScholarDigital Library
- KASS, M., AND MILLER, G. 1990. Rapid, stable fluid dynamics for computer graphics. In Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 90), vol. 24, ACM, 49-57. Google ScholarDigital Library
- LAFORTUNE, E. P., AND WILLEMS, Y. D. 1993. Bi-directional path tracing. In Proceedings of Compugraphics '93, 145-153.Google Scholar
- MARSCHNER, S., AND LOBB, R. 1994. An evaluation of reconstruction filters for volume rendering. In Proceedings of Visualization 94, IEEE Comput. Soc. Press, 100-107. Google ScholarDigital Library
- MASTEN, G., WATTERBERG, P., AND MAREDA, I. 1987. Fourier synthesis of ocean scenes. IEEE Computer Graphics and Application 7, 16-23. Google ScholarDigital Library
- MILLER, G., AND PEARCE, A. 1989. Globular dynamics: A connected particle system for animating viscous fluids. Computers and Graphics 13, 3, 305-309.Google ScholarCross Ref
- NISHITA, T., AND NAKAMAE, E. 1994. Method of displaying optical effects within water using accumulation buffer. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 94, ACM SIGGRAPH / ACM Press, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, ACM, 373-381. Google ScholarDigital Library
- O'BRIEN, J., AND HODGINS, J. 1995. Dynamic simulation of splashing fluids. In Proceedings of Computer Animation 95, 198-205. Google ScholarDigital Library
- OSHER, S., AND FEDKIW, R. 2002. The Level Set Method and Dynamic Implicit Surfaces. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
- OSHER, S., AND SETHIAN, J. 1988. Fronts propagating with curvature dependent speed: Algorithms based on hamiliton-jacobi formulations. J. Comp. Phys. 79, 12-49. Google ScholarDigital Library
- PEACHEY, D. R. 1986. Modeling waves and surf. In Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 86), 20(4), ACM, 65-74. Google ScholarDigital Library
- PREMOZE, S., AND ASHIKHMIN, M. 2000. Rendering natural waters. In The proceedings of Pacific Graphics 2000, 23-30. Google ScholarDigital Library
- RADOVITZKY, R., AND ORTIZ, M. 1998. Lagrangian finite element analysis of newtonian fluid flows. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. 43, 607-619.Google ScholarCross Ref
- SCHACHTER, B. 1980. Long crested wave models. Computer Graphics and Image Processing 12, 187-201.Google ScholarCross Ref
- SETHIAN, J. 1999. Level Set Methods and Fast Marching Methods. Cambridge University Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- STAM, J. 1999. Stable fluids. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 99, ACM SIGGRAPH / Addison Wesley Longman, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, ACM, 121-128. Google ScholarDigital Library
- TERZOPOULOS, D., PLATT, J., AND FLEISCHER, K. 1989. Heating and melting deformable models (from goop to glop). In Graphics Interface '89, 219-226.Google Scholar
- TESSENDORF, J. 2001. Simulating ocean water. In Simulating Nature: Realistic and Interactive Techniques. SIGGRAPH 2001 Course Notes 47.Google Scholar
- TS'O, P. Y., AND BARSKY, B. A. 1987. Modeling and rendering waves: Wave-tracing using beta-splines and reflective and refractive texture mapping. ACM Transactions on Graphics 6, 3, 191-214. Google ScholarDigital Library
- UNVERDI, S.-O., AND TRYGGVASON, G. 1992. A front-tracking method for viscous, incompressible, multi-fluid flows. J. Comp. Phys. 100, 25-37. Google ScholarDigital Library
- VEACH, E., AND GUIBAS, L. J. 1994. Bidirectional estimators for light transport. In Eurographics Rendering Workshop 1994 Proceedings, 147-162.Google Scholar
- VEACH, E., AND GUIBAS, L. J. 1997. Metropolis light transport. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 97, ACM SIGGRAPH / Addison Wesley, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, ACM, 65-76. Google ScholarDigital Library
- WATT, M. 1990. Light-water interaction using backward beam tracing. In Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 90), vol. 24, ACM, 377-385. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Animation and rendering of complex water surfaces
Recommendations
Practical animation of liquids
SIGGRAPH '01: Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniquesWe present a general method for modeling and animating liquids. The system is specifically designed for computer animation and handles viscous liquids as they move in a 3D environment and interact with graphics primitives such as parametric curves and ...
Animation and rendering of complex water surfaces
We present a new method for the animation and rendering of photo-realistic water effects. Our method is designed to produce visually plausible three dimensional effects, for example the pouring of water into a glass (see figure 1) and the breaking of an ...
Efficient animation of water flow on irregular terrains
GRAPHITE '06: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and Southeast AsiaWe present an optimization of the water column-based height-field approach of water simulation by reducing memory footprint and promoting parallel implementation. The simulation still provides three-dimensional fluid animation suitable for water flowing ...
Comments