Philip Levis
ABSTRACT
Accurate and scalable simulation has historically been a key enabling factor for systems research. We present TOSSIM, a simulator for TinyOS wireless sensor networks. By exploiting the sensor network domain and TinyOS's design, TOSSIM can capture network behavior at a high fidelity while scaling to thousands of nodes. By using a probabilistic bit error model for the network, TOSSIM remains simple and efficient, but expressive enough to capture a wide range of network interactions. Using TOSSIM, we have discovered several bugs in TinyOS, ranging from network bit-level MAC interactions to queue overflows in an ad-hoc routing protocol. Through these and other evaluations, we show that detailed, scalable sensor network simulation is possible.
- 3170 vhdl simulator. www.midwestcad.com/pdf/dig/vhdl_sim.pdf.Google Scholar
- The network simulator. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/.Google Scholar
- 1076-1993 VHDL Language Reference Manual. (ANSIIEEE), 1993.Google Scholar
- D. Braginsky and D. Estrin. Rumor Routing Algorithm for Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- E. A. Brewer, C. Dellarocas, A. Colbrook, and W. E. Weihl. PROTEUS: A High-Performance Parallel-Architecture Simulator. Measurement and Modeling of Computer System, pages 247--8, 1992. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. D. Clark and D. L. Tennenhouse. Architectural Considerations for a New Generation of Protocols. In Proceedings of SIGCOMM, september 1990. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Elson, S. Bien, N. Busek, V. Bychkovskiy, A. Cerpa, D. Ganesan, L. Girod, B. Greenstein, T. Schoellhammer, T. Stathopoulos, and D. Estrin. Emstar: An environment for developing wireless embedded systems software. Technical Report Technical Report 0009, CENS, Mar. 2003.Google Scholar
- J. Elson, L. Girod, and D. Estrin. Fine-Grained Network Time Synchronization using Reference Broadcasts. In Fifth Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 2002), Boston, MA, USA., dec 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. Gay, P. Levis, R. von Behren, M. Welsh, E. Brewer, and D. Culler. The nesC Language: A Holistic Approach to Networked Embedded Systems. In Proceedings of Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI), June 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. R. Goldschmidt and J. L. Hennessy. The Accuracy of Trace-driven Simulations of Multiprocessors. In Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGMETRICS Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, 1993. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. S. Heidemann, F. Silva, C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan, D. Estrin, and D. Ganesan. Building Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks with Low-Level Naming. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, Banff, Canada, October 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Hill, R. Szewczyk, A. Woo, S. Hollar, D. E. Culler, and K. S. J. Pister. System architecture directions for networked sensors. In Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pages 93--104, Boston, MA, USA, Nov. 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin. Directed Diffusion: A Scalable And Robust Communication Paradigm For Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, Aug. 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Levis and D. Culler. Maté: A Tiny Virtual Machine for Sensor Networks. In International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, San Jose, CA, USA, Oct. 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Liu, P. Cheung, L. Guibas, and F. Zhao. A Dual-Space Approach to Tracking and Sensor Management in Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of First ACM International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, September 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Liu, Y. Yuan, M. Liljenstam, and L. F. Perrone. SWAN: Simulator for Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks. http://www .cs.dartmouth.edu/research SWAN.Google Scholar
- S. Madden, M. J. Franklin, J. M. Hellerstein, and W. Hong. TAG: A Tiny AGgregation Service for Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks. In OSDI, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Mainwaring, J. Polastre, R. Szewczyk, D. Culler, and J. Anderson. Wireless Sensor Networks for Habitat Monitoring. In ACM International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications (WSNA'02), Atlanta, GA, USA, Sept. 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Park, A. Savvides, and M. B. Srivastava. SensorSim: A Simulation Framework for Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Perrig, R. Szewczyk, V. Wen, D. Culler, and J. D. Tygar. SPINS: Security Protocols for Sensor Networks. In International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2001), Rome, Italy, July 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- L. F. Perrone and D. Nicol. A Simulator for TinyOS Applications. In Proceedings of the 2002 Winter Simulation Conference, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- G. J. Pottie and W. J. Kaiser. Wireless Integrated Network Sensors. Communications of the ACM, 43(5):51--58, 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Ratnasamy, B. Karp, L. Yin, F. Yu, D. Estrin, R. Govindan, and S. Shenker. GHT: A Geographic Hash Table for Data-Centric Storage. In Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Redstone, S. J. Eggers, and H. M. Levy. An Analysis of Operating System Behavior on a Simultaneous Multithreaded Architecture. In Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pages 245--256, 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. von Eicken, D. E. Culler, S. C. Goldstein, and K. E. Schauser. Active Messages: a Mechanism for Integrating Communication and Computation. In Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture, pages 256--266, May 1992. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C.-Y. Wan, A. T. Campbell, and L. Krishnamurthy. PSFQ: A Reliable Transport Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, pages 1--11. ACM Press, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- E. Witchel and M. Rosenblum. Embra: Fast and Flexible Machine Simulation. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, 1996. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Woo and D. Culler. A Transmission Control Scheme for Media Access in Sensor Networks. In International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2001), Rome, Italy, July 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Yao and J. Gehrke. The Cougar Approach to In-Network Query Processing in Sensor Networks. ACM SIGMOD Record, 31(3):9--18, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- F. Ye, H. Luo, J. Cheng, S. Lu, and L. Zhang. A Two-Tier Data Dissemination Model for Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, 2002.Google ScholarDigital Library
- W. Ye, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin. An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of IEEE Infocom 2002, New York, NY, USA., June 2002.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- TOSSIM: accurate and scalable simulation of entire TinyOS applications
Recommendations
Simulating the power consumption of large-scale sensor network applications
SenSys '04: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systemsDeveloping sensor network applications demands a new set of tools to aid programmers. A number of simulation environments have been developed that provide varying degrees of scalability, realism, and detail for understanding the behavior of sensor ...
Designing and Simulating a Sensor Network of a Virtual Intelligent Home Using TOSSIM Simulator
ICWMC '09: Proceedings of the 2009 Fifth International Conference on Wireless and Mobile CommunicationsIn this paper, we evaluate the features and limitations of Tiny OS mote Simulator (TOSSIM), the sensor network simulator in TinyOS systems. The focus is on the applicability of TOSSIM for intelligent home research. As a part of the research work, we ...
Viptos: a graphical development and simulation environment for TinyOS-based wireless sensor networks
SenSys '05: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systemsWe are announcing the first release of Viptos (Visual Ptolemy and TinyOS), an integrated graphical development and simulation environment for TinyOS-based wireless sensor networks. Viptos allows developers to create block and arrow diagrams to construct ...
Comments