1932

Abstract

Tensor networks provide extremely powerful tools for the study of complex classical and quantum many-body problems. Over the past two decades, the increment in the number of techniques and applications has been relentless, and especially the last ten years have seen an explosion of new ideas and results that may be overwhelming for the newcomer. This short review introduces the basic ideas, the best established methods, and some of the most significant algorithmic developments that are expanding the boundaries of the tensor network potential. The goal of this review is to help the reader not only appreciate the many possibilities offered by tensor networks but also find their way through state-of-the-art codes, their applicability, and some avenues of ongoing progress.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-022705
2023-03-10
2024-05-09
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/conmatphys/14/1/annurev-conmatphys-040721-022705.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-022705&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. 1.
    Baxter RJ. 1968. J. Math. Phys. 9:4650–54
  2. 2.
    Affleck I, Kennedy T, Lieb EH, Tasaki H. 1987. Phys. Rev. Lett. 59:7799–802
  3. 3.
    Okunishi K, Nishino T, Ueda H. 2022. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 91062001
  4. 4.
    Klümper A, Schadschneider A, Zittartz J. 1993. Europhys. Lett. (EPL) 24:4293–97
  5. 5.
    Fannes M, Nachtergaele B, Werner RF. 1992. Commun. Math. Phys. 144:3443–90
  6. 6.
    White SR. 1992. Phys. Rev. Lett. 69:192863–66
  7. 7.
    Östlund S, Rommer S. 1995. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75:193537–40
  8. 8.
    Dukelsky J, Martín-Delgado MA, Nishino T, Sierra G. 1998. Europhys. Lett. (EPL) 43:4457–62
  9. 9.
    Nishino T, Okunishi K. 1995. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 64:114084–87
  10. 10.
    Nishino T, Okunishi K. 1996. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 65:4891–94
  11. 11.
    Nishino T, Okunishi K. 1998. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 67:93066–72
  12. 12.
    Hallberg K 2004. Theoretical Methods for Strongly Correlated Electrons D Sénéchal, A-M Tremblay, C Bourbonnais 3–37 New York: Springer
  13. 13.
    Schollwöck U. 2005. Rev. Mod. Phys. 77:1259–315
  14. 14.
    Vidal G. 2003. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91:14147902
  15. 15.
    Verstraete F, Porras D, Cirac JI. 2004. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93:22227205
  16. 16.
    McCulloch IP. 2007. J. Stat. Mech. 2007:10P10014
  17. 17.
    Vidal G. 2004. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93:4040502
  18. 18.
    Daley AJ, Kollath C, Schollwöck U, Vidal G. 2004. J. Stat. Mech. 2004:04P04005
  19. 19.
    White SR, Feiguin AE. 2004. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93:7076401
  20. 20.
    Verstraete F, García-Ripoll JJ, Cirac JI. 2004. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93:20207204
  21. 21.
    Zwolak M, Vidal G. 2004. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93:20207205
  22. 22.
    Feiguin AE, White SR. 2005. Phys. Rev. B 72:22220401
  23. 23.
    Verstraete F, Cirac JI. 2004. arXiv:cond-mat/0407066
  24. 24.
    Cirac JI, Pérez-García D, Schuch N, Verstraete F. 2021. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93:4045003
  25. 25.
    Verstraete F, Murg V, Cirac J. 2008. Adv. Phys. 57:2143–224
  26. 26.
    Schollwöck U. 2011. Ann. Phys. 326:196–192 January 2011 Special Issue
  27. 27.
    Orús R. 2014. Ann. Phys. 349:117–58
  28. 28.
    Bridgeman JC, Chubb CT. 2017. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 50:22223001
  29. 29.
    Ran SJ, Tirrito E, Peng C, Chen X, Tagliacozzo L et al. 2020. Tensor network contractions. Lecture Notes in Physics. Springer International Publishing
  30. 30.
    Silvi P, Tschirsich F, Gerster M, Jünemann J, Jaschke D et al. 2019. SciPost. Phys. Lect. Notes 8:1106
  31. 31.
    Eisert J, Cramer M, Plenio MB. 2010. Rev. Mod. Phys. 82:1277–306
  32. 32.
    Hastings MB. 2007. J. Stat. Mech. 2007:08P08024
  33. 33.
    Wolf MM, Verstraete F, Hastings MB, Cirac JI. 2008. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100:7070502
  34. 34.
    Calabrese P, Cardy J. 2004. J. Stat. Mech. 2004:06P06002
  35. 35.
    Wolf MM. 2006. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96:1010404
  36. 36.
    Pérez-García D, Verstraete F, Wolf MM, Cirac JI. 2007. Quantum Inf. Comput. 7:401–30
  37. 37.
    Schuch N, Cirac I, Pérez-García D. 2010. Ann. Phys. 325:102153–92
  38. 38.
    Schuch N, Wolf MM, Verstraete F, Cirac JI. 2007. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98:14140506
  39. 39.
    Verstraete F, Wolf MM, Pérez-García D, Cirac JI. 2006. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96:22220601
  40. 40.
    Shi YY, Duan LM, Vidal G. 2006. Phys. Rev. A 74:2022320
  41. 41.
    Cirac JI, Verstraete F. 2009. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 42:50504004
  42. 42.
    Silvi P, Giovannetti V, Montangero S, Rizzi M, Cirac JI, Fazio R. 2010. Phys. Rev. A 81:6062335
  43. 43.
    Tagliacozzo L, Evenbly G, Vidal G. 2009. Phys. Rev. B 80:23235127
  44. 44.
    Vidal G. 2007. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99:22220405
  45. 45.
    Vidal G. 2008. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101:11110501
  46. 46.
    Evenbly G, Vidal G. 2009. Phys. Rev. B 79:14144108
  47. 47.
    Pfeifer RNC, Evenbly G, Vidal G. 2009. Phys. Rev. A 79:4040301
  48. 48.
    Montangero S, Rizzi M, Giovannetti V, Fazio R. 2009. Phys. Rev. B 80:11113103
  49. 49.
    Barthel T, Kliesch M, Eisert J. 2010. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105:1010502
  50. 50.
    Evenbly G, Vidal G. 2014. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112:24240502
  51. 51.
    Pirvu B, Murg V, Cirac JI, Verstraete F. 2010. New J. Phys. 12:2025012
  52. 52.
    de las Cuevas G, Schuch N, Pérez-García D, Cirac JI. 2013. New J. Phys. 15:12123021
  53. 53.
    Pfeifer RNC, Haegeman J, Verstraete F. 2014. Phys. Rev. E 90:3033315
  54. 54.
    Gray J, Kourtis S 2021. Quantum 5:410
  55. 55.
    Hubig C, McCulloch IP, Schollwöck U. 2017. Phys. Rev. B 95:3035129
  56. 56.
    Pollmann F, Mukerjee S, Turner AM, Moore JE. 2009. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102:25255701
  57. 57.
    Pirvu B, Vidal G, Verstraete F, Tagliacozzo L. 2012. Phys. Rev. B 86:7075117
  58. 58.
    Cui J, Cirac JI, Bañuls MC. 2015. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114:22220601
  59. 59.
    Zaletel MP, Mong RSK, Karrasch C, Moore JE, Pollmann F. 2015. Phys. Rev. B 91:16165112
  60. 60.
    White SR. 2009. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102:19190601
  61. 61.
    García-Ripoll JJ. 2006. New J. Phys. 8:12305
  62. 62.
    Huckle T, Waldherr K. 2012. PAMM 12:1641–42
  63. 63.
    Vidal G. 2007. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98:7070201
  64. 64.
    Dubail J. 2017. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 50:23234001
  65. 65.
    Hastings MB. 2006. Phys. Rev. B 73:8085115
  66. 66.
    Molnar A, Schuch N, Verstraete F, Cirac JI. 2015. Phys. Rev. B 91:4045138
  67. 67.
    Calabrese P, Cardy J. 2005. J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp. 2005:04P04010
  68. 68.
    Osborne TJ. 2006. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97:15157202
  69. 69.
    Schuch N, Wolf MM, Verstraete F, Cirac JI. 2008. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100:3030504
  70. 70.
    Paeckel S, Köhler T, Swoboda A, Manmana SR, Schollwöck U, Hubig C. 2019. Ann. Phys. 411:167998
  71. 71.
    Stoudenmire E, White SR. 2012. Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 3:11128
  72. 72.
    Cataldi G, Abedi A, Magnifico G, Notarnicola S, Pozza ND et al. 2021. Quantum 5:556
  73. 73.
    Yan S, Huse DA, White SR. 2011. Science 332:60341173–76
  74. 74.
    Depenbrock S, McCulloch IP, Schollwöck U. 2012. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109:6067201
  75. 75.
    Murg V, Verstraete F, Cirac JI. 2007. Phys. Rev. A 75:3033605
  76. 76.
    Jordan J, Orús R, Vidal G, Verstraete F, Cirac JI. 2008. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101:25250602
  77. 77.
    Lubasch M, Cirac JI, Bañuls MC. 2014. New J. Phys. 16:3033014
  78. 78.
    Jiang HC, Weng ZY, Xiang T. 2008. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101:9090603
  79. 79.
    Gu ZC, Levin M, Wen XG. 2008. Phys. Rev. B 78:20205116
  80. 80.
    Orús R, Vidal G. 2009. Phys. Rev. B 80:9094403
  81. 81.
    Corboz P, Orús R, Bauer B, Vidal G. 2010. Phys. Rev. B 81:16165104
  82. 82.
    Lubasch M, Cirac JI, Bañuls MC. 2014. Phys. Rev. B 90:6064425
  83. 83.
    Phien HN, Bengua JA, Tuan HD, Corboz P, Orús R. 2015. Phys. Rev. B 92:3035142
  84. 84.
    Evenbly G. 2018. Phys. Rev. B 98:8085155
  85. 85.
    Osorio Iregui J, Troyer M, Corboz P. 2017. Phys. Rev. B 96:11115113
  86. 86.
    Corboz P. 2016. Phys. Rev. B 94:3035133
  87. 87.
    Vanderstraeten L, Haegeman J, Corboz P, Verstraete F. 2016. Phys. Rev. B 94:15155123
  88. 88.
    Rader M, Läuchli AM. 2018. Phys. Rev. X 8:3031030
  89. 89.
    Corboz P, Czarnik P, Kapteijns G, Tagliacozzo L. 2018. Phys. Rev. X 8:3031031
  90. 90.
    Vanhecke B, Hasik J, Verstraete F, Vanderstraeten L. 2021. arXiv:2102.03143
  91. 91.
    Zheng BX, Chung CM, Corboz P, Ehlers G, Qin MP et al. 2017. Science 358:63671155–60
  92. 92.
    Vlaar PCG, Corboz P. 2021. Phys. Rev. B 103:20205137
  93. 93.
    Czarnik P, Dziarmaga J, Corboz P. 2019. Phys. Rev. B 99:3035115
  94. 94.
    Kshetrimayum A, Weimer H, Orús R. 2017. Nat. Commun. 8:11291
  95. 95.
    Kilda D, Biella A, Schiro M, Fazio R, Keeling J. 2021. SciPost Phys. Core 4:15
  96. 96.
    Mc Keever C, Szymańska MH 2021. Phys. Rev. X 11:2021035
  97. 97.
    Hubig C, Cirac JI. 2019. SciPost Phys. 6:331
  98. 98.
    Bañuls MC, Pérez-García D, Wolf MM, Verstraete F, Cirac JI. 2008. Phys. Rev. A 77:5052306
  99. 99.
    Zaletel MP, Pollmann F. 2020. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124:3037201
  100. 100.
    Kraus CV, Schuch N, Verstraete F, Cirac JI. 2010. Phys. Rev. A 81:5052338
  101. 101.
    Magnifico G, Felser T, Silvi P, Montangero S. 2021. Nat. Commun. 12:13600
  102. 102.
    Felser T, Notarnicola S, Montangero S. 2021. Phys. Rev. Lett. 126:17170603
  103. 103.
    McCulloch IP, Gulácsi M. 2002. Europhys. Lett. (EPL) 57:6852–58
  104. 104.
    Singh S, Pfeifer RNC, Vidal G. 2010. Phys. Rev. A 82:5050301
  105. 105.
    Singh S, Pfeifer RNC, Vidal G. 2011. Phys. Rev. B 83:11115125
  106. 106.
    Bauer B, Corboz P, Orús R, Troyer M. 2011. Phys. Rev. B 83:12125106
  107. 107.
    Singh S, Vidal G. 2012. Phys. Rev. B 86:19195114
  108. 108.
    Weichselbaum A. 2012. Ann. Phys. 327:122972–3047
  109. 109.
    Bruognolo B, Li JW, von Delft J, Weichselbaum A. 2021. SciPost Phys. Lect. Notes 25:160
  110. 110.
    Hubig C. 2018. SciPost Phys. 5:547
  111. 111.
    Singh S, Vidal G. 2013. Phys. Rev. B 88:11115147
  112. 112.
    Tagliacozzo L, Celi A, Lewenstein M. 2014. Phys. Rev. X 4:4041024
  113. 113.
    Zohar E, Burrello M. 2016. New J. Phys. 18:4043008
  114. 114.
    Haegeman J, Van Acoleyen K, Schuch N, Cirac JI, Verstraete F. 2015. Phys. Rev. X 5:1011024
  115. 115.
    Verstraete F, Cirac JI. 2005. J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp. 2005:09P09012
  116. 116.
    Corboz P, Vidal G. 2009. Phys. Rev. B 80:16165129
  117. 117.
    Pineda C, Barthel T, Eisert J 2010. Phys. Rev. A 81:5050303
  118. 118.
    Rizzi M, Montangero S, Vidal G. 2008. Phys. Rev. A 77:5052328
  119. 119.
    Wall ML, Carr LD. 2012. New J. Phys. 14:12125015
  120. 120.
    Holzner A, Weichselbaum A, McCulloch IP, Schollwöck U, von Delft J 2011. Phys. Rev. B 83:19195115
  121. 121.
    Haegeman J, Cirac JI, Osborne TJ, Pižorn I, Verschelde H, Verstraete F. 2011. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107:7070601
  122. 122.
    Haegeman J, Lubich C, Oseledets I, Vandereycken B, Verstraete F. 2016. Phys. Rev. B 94:16165116
  123. 123.
    Haegeman J, Osborne TJ, Verstraete F. 2013. Phys. Rev. B 88:7075133
  124. 124.
    Vanderstraeten L, Haegeman J, Verstraete F. 2019. SciPost Phys. Lect. Notes 7:177
  125. 125.
    Kloss B, Reichman DR, Lev YB. 2020. SciPost Phys. 9:570
  126. 126.
    Bauernfeind D, Aichhorn M. 2020. SciPost Phys. 8:224
  127. 127.
    Hauru M, Damme MV, Haegeman J. 2021. SciPost Phys. 10:240
  128. 128.
    Hartmann MJ, Prior J, Clark SR, Plenio MB. 2009. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102:5057202
  129. 129.
    Bañuls MC, Hastings MB, Verstraete F, Cirac JI. 2009. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102:24240603
  130. 130.
    Müller-Hermes A, Cirac JI, Bañuls MC. 2012. New J. Phys. 14:7075003
  131. 131.
    Frías-Pérez M, Bañuls MC. 2022. Phys. Rev. B 106115117
  132. 132.
    Lerose A, Sonner M, Abanin DA. 2022. arXiv:2201.04150
  133. 133.
    White CD, Zaletel M, Mong RSK, Refael G. 2018. Phys. Rev. B 97:3035127
  134. 134.
    Surace J, Piani M, Tagliacozzo L. 2019. Phys. Rev. B 99:23235115
  135. 135.
    Rakovszky T, von Keyserlingk CW, Pollmann F 2022. Phys. Rev. B 105:7075131
  136. 136.
    Yu X, Pekker D, Clark BK. 2017. Phys. Rev. Lett. 118:1017201
  137. 137.
    Khemani V, Pollmann F, Sondhi SL. 2016. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116:24247204
  138. 138.
    Lim SP, Sheng DN. 2016. Phys. Rev. B 94:4045111
  139. 139.
    Nishino T, Hieida Y, Okunishi K, Maeshima N, Akutsu Y, Gendiar A. 2001. Prog. Theor. Phys. 105:3409–17
  140. 140.
    Levin M, Nave CP. 2007. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99:12120601
  141. 141.
    Xie ZY, Jiang HC, Chen QN, Weng ZY, Xiang T. 2009. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103:16160601
  142. 142.
    Xie ZY, Chen J, Qin MP, Zhu JW, Yang LP, Xiang T. 2012. Phys. Rev. B 86:045139
  143. 143.
    Evenbly G, Vidal G. 2015. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115:18180405
  144. 144.
    Yang S, Gu ZC, Wen XG. 2017. Phys. Rev. Lett. 118:110504
  145. 145.
    Hauru M, Delcamp C, Mizera S. 2018. Phys. Rev. B 97:4045111
  146. 146.
    Gu ZC, Verstraete F, Wen XG. 2010. arXiv:1004.2563
  147. 147.
    Gu ZC. 2013. Phys. Rev. B 88:11115139
  148. 148.
    Bañuls MC, Cichy K. 2020. Rep. Prog. Phys. 83:2024401
  149. 149.
    Meurice Y, Sakai R, Unmuth-Yockey J. 2022. Rev. Mod. Phys 94:025005
  150. 150.
    Sandvik AW, Vidal G. 2007. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99:22220602
  151. 151.
    Wang L, Pižorn I, Verstraete F. 2011. Phys. Rev. B 83:13134421
  152. 152.
    Ueda K, Otani R, Nishio Y, Gendiar A, Nishino T. 2005. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 74:Suppl111–14
  153. 153.
    Ferris AJ, Vidal G. 2012. Phys. Rev. B 85:16165146
  154. 154.
    Rams MM, Mohseni M, Eppens D, Jałowiecki K, Gardas B. 2021. Phys. Rev. E 104:2025308
  155. 155.
    Frías-Pérez M, Mariën M, Pérez-García D, Bañuls MC, Iblisdir S 2022. arXiv:2104.13264
  156. 156.
    Stoudenmire E, Schwab DJ 2016. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems D Lee, M Sugiyama, U Luxburg, I Guyon, R Garnett , vol. 29 Curran Associates, Inc.
  157. 157.
    Han ZY, Wang J, Fan H, Wang L, Zhang P. 2018. Phys. Rev. X 8:3031012
  158. 158.
    Liao HJ, Liu JG, Wang L, Xiang T. 2019. Phys. Rev. X 9:3031041
  159. 159.
    Verstraete F, Cirac JI. 2010. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104:19190405
  160. 160.
    Haegeman J, Osborne TJ, Verschelde H, Verstraete F. 2013. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110:10100402
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-022705
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-040721-022705
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error