ABSTRACT
The creation of transient, hydrophilic pores on the cell membrane in response to an applied high-amplitude electric field is recognized as electroporation. This method has been extensively applied for delivering different types of cargos into or out of cells for analyzing their interactions. This chapter discusses the fundamental aspects of electroporation and recent cutting-edge technologies to perform bulk- and single-cell micro-/nanoelectroporation and their clinical applications. It gives an overview of electroporation, including the latest advancements in the micro-/nanoscale. The chapter discusses different techniques for single cell trapping and recent advances in single-cell electroporation (SCEP), including several trapping mechanisms subjected to the SCEP technique. Cell reprogramming is one of the profound emerging areas of nanoelectroporation that has many clinical applications. For example, it has become an important method for enhancing the efficiency of DNA vaccination. The chapter also discusses the challenges and future prospects in electroporation.
