ABSTRACT
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a biological macromolecule that is a cornerstone in carrying out thousands of biological processes in an organism. RNA takes up the roles of handling genes and sequences throughout the entire genome, and these roles include the encoding, erasing, regulatory function, and genotypic/phenotypic expression of particular genes in an organism. One role in particular, protein synthesis, is done using a variation of RNA known as messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). mRNA is present in the cytoplasm of cells as a template for synthesizing polypeptides and proteins that facilitate biological processes. As one of the by-products of recent world events, mRNA technology has become highly prevalent in scientific and medical fields, mainly for its unique characteristics that could eventually replace incumbent ideas and practices for problems such as disease control and chronic illness. The usage of mRNA has already seen a significant number of laboratory trials, as well as one of the largest and fastest pandemic clinical trial waves in history. mRNA is often utilized through several aspects of nanotechnology, like material science and engineering, to develop effective vectorized delivery systems. From the research and testing that has taken place so far, mRNA, through nanotechnology application, has proven immensely useful in a wide range of scientific medicinal studies and has the potential to be applied to more conceptual topics such as germline engineering.
