ABSTRACT

JACOPO AGUZZI1, JOAN B. COMPANY1, CORRADO COSTA2, MARJOLAINE MATABOS3, ERNESTO AZZURRO4, ANTONI MÀNUEL5, PAOLO MENESATTI2, FRANCESC SARDÀ1,

MIQUEL CANALS6, ERIC DELORY7, DANELLE CLINE8, PAOLO FAVALI9, S. KIM JUNIPER10, YASUO FURUSHIMA11, YOSHIRO FUJIWARA11, JUAN J. CHIESA12,

LEONARDO MAROTTA13, NIXON BAHAMON14 & IMANTS G. PRIEDE15

1Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Paseo Marítimo de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain

E-mail: jaguzzi@cmima.csic.es; batista@icm.csic.es; siscu@icm.csic.es 2AgritechLab-Agricultural Engineering Research Unit of the Agriculture Research

Council (CRA-ING), Via della Pascolare 16, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Rome), Italy E-mail: corrado.costa@entecra.it, paolo.menesatti@entecra.it

3NEPTUNE-Canada, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria BC V8W 2Y2, Canada

E-mail: mmatabos@uvic.ca 4ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research,

Piazzale dei Marmi 2, 57123 Livorno, Italy E-mail: eazzurr@tin.it

5Technological Development Centre for Remote Acquisition and Data Processing System (SARTI), Electronics Department, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC),

Rambla de la Exposición 24, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú (Barcelona), Spain E-mail: antoni.manuel@upc.edu

6GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d’Estratigraa, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franqués s/n,

08028 Barcelona, Spain E-mail: miquelcanals@ub.edu

7Plataforma Oceánica de Canarias (PLOCAN), Carretera de Taliarte s/n, 35200 Telde (Canarias), Spain E-mail: eric.delory@plocan.eu

8Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), 7700 Sandholt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA

E-mail: dcline@mbari.org 9Istituto Nazionale di Geosica e Vulcanologia (INGV). Via

di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy E-mail: emsopp@ingv.it

10School of Earth and Ocean Sciences and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3065 STN CSC, Victoria B.C. V8W 3V6, Canada

E-mail: kjuniper@uvic.ca 11Institute of Biogeosciences Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC),

2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan E-mail: furus@jamstec.go.jp; fujiwara@jamstec.go.jp

12Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

E-mail: JJosechiesa@unq.edu.ar 13Entropia Snc. and Scientic Committee AISA (Associazione Italiana Scienze Ambientali),

Via Corridoni 3, 62019 Recanati, Italy E-mail: leonardo.marotta@entropia-env.it

14Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Spain

E-mail: bahamon@ceab.csic.es 15Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen. Main Street, Newburgh,

Aberdeen AB41 6AA, United Kingdom E-mail: i.g.priede@abdn.ac.uk

Abstract All marine species studied thus far show rhythmic temporal patterns in their behavioural, physiological, and molecular functions, which are collectively known as biological rhythms. Biological rhythms are generated by biological clocks that time biological functions and are synchronized by geophysical cycles, such as the solar light-dark cycle and tidal cycle. On continental margins, behavioural rhythms can be detected by diel (i.e., 24-hour based) or seasonal periodical trawling as a consequence of massive inward and outward displacements of populations to and from the sample areas. As a result, signižcant errors in population/stock and biodiversity assessments performed by trawling may occur if timing of sampling is not taken into account. The increasing number of cabled and permanent multiparametric sea£oor observatories now allows direct, continuous, and long-lasting monitoring of benthic ecosystems and analysis in relation to several habitat cycles. This review describes the adaptation of this technology to investigations of rhythmic behaviour by focussing on automated video imaging. Diel £uctuations in the number of video-observed individuals can be used as a measure of average population rhythmic behaviour. The potential implementation of automated video image analysis in relation to animal tracking and classižcation procedures based on the combined use of morphometric tools and multivariate statistics is detailed in relation to populational and community studies. Based on video cameras mounted at multiparametric cabled observatories, an integrated time-series analysis protocol using chronobiomedical procedures is proposed to place video-recorded bioinformation in an oceanographic context.