ABSTRACT

While the profession of urban planning became institutionalized with the widespread of regulation of land use in the early 20th century, the practice of city planning is as old as cities themselves. Meanwhile, transport of freight has been a constant challenge for most major cities in the world, most of which owe their origins to the geographical advantages provided by access to waterways. Ironically, it can be argued that transport of freight was a more visible issue in city planning before the electrication and automobilization of cities. Until the early part of the 20th century, transportation planners paid a great deal of attention to the need to deliver

4.1 Introduction 41 4.2 Understanding Modern Supply Chains 44 4.3 Urban Planning for Freight 47

4.3.1 Planning Process 48 4.3.2 Managing Truck-Related Congestion 49

4.4 Summary 52 References 53

coal to both residential and industrial buildings in cities for heating. Also, before the segregation of land uses, transporting raw material and manufactured products within and outside of urban areas, which had to rely heavily on rail, was a serious concern. As such, some of the plans included innovative and ambitious strategies to efciently move freight in cities. For example, the Plan for Chicago, often referred to as the “Burnham Plan” (Burnham and Bennett, 1909), called for the maximum utilization of the 60-mile system of tunnels under the city of Chicago to move freight within the core area of the city (DiJohn and Allen, 2009). Furthermore, Burnham and Bennett (1909) proposed that deliveries to the downtown areas be restricted to the nighttime (from 1 a.m. to 7 a.m.) to reduce congestion (DiJohn and Allen, 2009).