Financial markets as adaptive systems

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1998 EDP Sciences
, , Citation M. Potters et al 1998 EPL 41 239 DOI 10.1209/epl/i1998-00136-9

0295-5075/41/3/239

Abstract

We show, by studying in detail the market prices of options on liquid markets, that the market has empirically corrected the simple, but inadequate Black-Scholes formula to account for two important statistical features of asset fluctuations: "fat tails" and correlations in the scale of fluctuations. These aspects, although not included in the pricing models, are very precisely reflected in the price fixed by the market as a whole. Financial markets thus behave as rather efficient adaptive systems.

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