Ethnobotany of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius): Folk classification, habitat, and traditional conservation in Cisoka Village, Majalengka District, Cimanuk Watershed Region, Indonesia
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Abstract. Mutaqin AZ, Kurniadie D, Iskandar J, Nurzaman M, Partasasmita R. 2020. Ethnobotany of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius): Folk classification, habitat, and traditional conservation in Cisoka Village, Majalengka District, Cimanuk Watershed Region, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 546-555. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson or suweg is commonly called in Sunadese of West Java as suweg that is a species of tuber growing in many regions of the world, including in the Cimanuk Watershed, West Java Province, Indonesia. A. paeoniifolius usually grows in rural areas of West Java in some agroecosystem types, including the homegarden, garden, and mixed garden system. This plant species, in contrast to other tuber species, such as taro, has not been intensively cultivated by rural community in West Java. Even though A. paeoniifolius has not been intensively cultivated, this plant species in the future have the potential to be used for various purposes for human being. Because A. paeoniifolius, one of plant tubers, has a high resistance to unpredictable environmental changes, such as climate change, pest disruption, and easy to maintain. This study aimed to elucidate the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of rural people of Cisoka Village, Cikijing Sub-district, Majalengka District of Cimanuk Watershed, West Java on folk classification, habitat, and traditional conservation of A. paeoniifolius. The method used in this study was qualitative. Field data collection was undertaken by observation and semi-structured interviews or deep interviews with competent informants. The results of study showed that the rural population of Cisoka Village, Majalengka District, has recognized two kinds of Amorphophallus. Firstly, Amorphophallus is a commonly consumed that is called suweg which has scientific name as Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson. Secondly, Amorphophallus is recognized as not commonly consumed which is called 'iles-iles' (Amorphophallus variabilis Blume). Both species can be traditionally classified based on morphology (tubers, leaf blade and petioles, and flowers), habitat, utilization, cultivation, and suitability of growing places. Specifically, A. paeoniifolius, grows in various conditions, growing at non-cultivated lands, such as forests and cultivated land, such as homegarden, garden, mixed-garden, and rice fields, or pond edges, but predominantly grows in homegardens and gardens. Some of these lands are hieum or shaded areas and negrak or open areas. A. paeoniifolius starts to grow and develop at the beginning of the rainy season until approaching the dry season, which is characterized by yellowing and falling of petiole. Conservation of A. paeoniifolius has been based on tradition is carried out by the rural community through storage/ preparation of seeds, which does not destroy A. paeoniifolius that grows in several types of agroecosystems, and is managed semi-intensively in several types of agroecosystems such as homegardens and gardens.
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Ayuningtyas P, Hakim L. 2014. Ethnobotany the welcoming ceremony of the Sura Month at Sebudo Waterfall Nature Tourism Complex, Nganjuk. Biotropika 2 (1): 31-39 [Indonesia]
Bradbury JH, Nixon RW. 1998. The acridity of raphides from edible aroids. J Sci Food Agri, 76:608-616
Cahyaningsih R, Siregar HM. 2013. Propagation of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson using tuber and rachis cutting manipulated with plant growth regulator. Berita Biologi, 12 (1): 87-95 [Indonesia]
Chairiyah N, Harijati N, and Mastuti R. 2016. Variation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in porang corms (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) at different harvest time. American J Plant Sci, 7: 306-315
Cotton CM. 1996. Ethnobotany: principles and applications. John Willey and Sons.Ltd, England
Cunningham AB. 2001. Applied ethnobotany: people, world plant use & conservation. Earthscan, London and Sterling
Dharmadasa RM, Akalanka GC, Muthukumarana PRM, Wijesekara RGS. 2016. Ethnopharmacological survey on medicinal plants used in snakebite treatments in Western and Sabaragamuwa Provinces in Sri Lanka. J Ethnopharmacol, 179: 110-127
Darpan, Abdurachman, Soepandi A, Muanas D, Rusyana Y. 2013. Terminology in Sundanese agriculture system. First edition. Dunia Pustaka Jaya Ltd. Company, Bandung [Indonesia]
De S, Dey YN, Ghosh AK. 2010. Phytochemical investigation and chromatographic evaluation of the different extraxts of tuber of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Araceae). Inter J Pharm Biomed Res 1 (5): 150-157
Dey YN, Wanjari MM, Kumar D, Lomash V, Gaidhani SN, and Jadhav AD. 2017. Oral toxicity of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) tuber in mice. J Pharmacy Pharmacogn Res, 5 (1): 55-68
Erskine W, Ximenes A, Glazebrook D, Costa M, Lopes M, Spyckerelle L, Williams R, Nesbitt H. 201.. The role of wild foods in food security: the example of Timor-Leste. Food Security 7 (1): 55-65
European Commission. 2001. Commission directive 2001/30/EC of 2001, amending directive 96/77/EC laying down specific purity criteria on food additives other than colours and sweeteners. Accessed 30 Nov 2009. Avalilable at http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2001:146:0001:0023:EN:PDF
Fauza N. 2010. Traditional Jamasan Heritage Ceremony Terms in the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir Wonogiri (An Ethnolinguistic Study). [Thesis]. Faculty of Literature and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University Surakarta, Surakarta [Indonesia]
Girardi C, Butaud JF, Ollier C, Ingert N, Weniger B, Raharivelomanana P, Moretti C. 2015. Herbal medicine in the Marquesas Islands. J Ethnopharmacol, 161: 200-213
Hakim L. 2014. Ethnobotany and home garden management: food security, healthy, and agrotourism. Selaras, Malang [Indonesia]
Hasanah U, Hadi EP, Hidayah HA. 2014. Diversity and uses of tuber as alternative food sources in Bantarkawung Brebes Regency. Biosfera 31 (2): 61-70 [Indonesia]
Hasbullah UHA, Umiyati R. 2017. Differences in physical, chemical, and sensory properties of Amorphophallus campanulatus BI tuber flour in the dormant and vegetative phases. Planta Tropika (2): 70-78 [Indonesia]
Heriyansyah F, Soetopo L, Saptadi D. 2017. Exploration and identification of the morphological characteristics of the foot yam plant (Amorphophallus campanulatus BI) in East Java. J Prod Tanaman, 5 (3): 377-382 [Indonesia]
Hidayat RT, Haerudin D, Muhtadin TAN, Darpan, Sastramidjaja A. 2013. Sundanese heritage. 4th edition.. Kiblat Buku Utama Ltd. Company, Bandung [Indonesia]
Hidayat S. 2019. Short Communication: The study of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) and other undergrowth species in teak plantation forest of Temengeng, Blora, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20 (1): 37-42
Iskandar J. 2009. Human ecology and sustainable development. Study Program of Environmental Science, Padjadjaran University, Bandung [Indonesia]
Iskandar J, Iskandar BS. 2015. Ethnobotanical study on food crop diversity in swidden agroforestry agriculture to support food security of Baduy community. Prosiding of National Conference of Society of Indonesian Biodiversity 1 (6): 1265-1272 [Indonesia]
Iskandar J. 2016. Ethnobiology and cultural diversity in Indonesia. Umbara 1 (1): 27-42 [Indonesia]
Iskandar J, Iskandar BS, Partasasmita R. 2018. Site selection and soil fertility management by the Outer Baduy People (Banten, Indonesia) in maintaining swidden cultivation productivity. Biodiversitas 19 (4): 1334-1346
Iskandar J. 2018. Ethnobiology, Ethnoecology, and Sustainable Development. Plantaxia, Yogyakarta [Indonesia]
Jata SK, Nedunchezhiyan M, Maity SK, Mallikarjun M. 2018. Intercrop and drip irrigation effects on growth, yield, water-use efficiency and economics of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius). Indian J Agro 63 (4): 506-512
Jintan, Yuzammi, Suwastika IN, Pitopang R. 2015. Botany of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Dennst. Nicolson (Araceae) in Palu Valley. J Nat Sci 4 (1): 17-31 [Indonesia]
Kite GC, Hetterscheid WLA. 2017. Phylogenetic trends in the evolution of inflorescence odours in Amorphophallus. Phytochemistry, 142: 126-142
Kuamr JS, More SJ, Byju G, Sunitha S, Veena SS, Nedunchezhiyan M, Ravi V. 2019. Effect of new generation herbicides on weed management, corm yield and economics of elephant foot yam [Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson]. Inter J Chem Studies 7(3): 1213-1218
Kurniawan A, Wibawa IPAH, Adjie B. 2011. Species diversity of Amorphophallus (Araceae) in Bali and Lombok with attention to genetic study in A. paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson. Biodiversitas 12 (1): 7-11
Lewu MN, Adebola PO, Afolayan AJ. 2010. Effect of cooking on the mineral contents and anti-nutritional factors in seven accessions of Colocassia esculenta (L.) Schott growing in South Africa. J Food Composition Analysis, 23:389-393
Lynch F, Holsteiner RM, Cover CL. 1974. Data gathering by social survey. Philippine Social Science Council, Quezon City
Mabhaudhi T, Modi AT, Beletse YG. 2013. Respon of taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott.) landraces to varying water regimes under a rainshelter. Agri Water Management 121: 102-112
Mandal R, Nag S, Tarafdar J, Mitra S. 2016. A comparison of efficiency parameters of SSR markers genetic diversity analysis in Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson. Brazilian Archives Biol Technol 59: 1-7
Martin GJ. 1995. Ethnobotany: A Method Manual. Chapman and Hall, London
Mu’azizah Q. 2015. Comparison of Characters of Amorphophallus campanulatus BI in District Pangkur, Ngawi, East Java and District Pajangan, Bantul, Yogyakarta judging from the morphology and starch. [Thesis]. Study Program of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University, Yogyakarta. [Indonesian]
Mulyati, Djufri, Supriatno. 2017. Analysis vegetation of shade corpse flower (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicholson) in Padang Tiji sub-District of Pidie District. Student Sci J Faculty of the Teaching and Education, Unsyiah 2 (1): 98-106 [Indonesia]
Mutaqin AZ, Fatharani M, Iskandar J, Partasasmita R. 2018. Utilization of araceae by local community in Cisoka Village, Cikijing sub-District, Majalengka District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19 (2): 560-571
Newing H, Eagle CM, Puri RK, Watson CW. 2011. Conducting Research in Conservation: Social Science Methods and Practice. Routledge, London
Partasasmita R, An’amillah A, Iskandar J, Mutaqin AZ, Annisa. 2017. Traditional knowledge of bamboo and its role in Karangwangi Village Cianjur, West Java: Implications for management of cultural keystone species. Biodiversitas 18: 275-282
Ramanathan R, Bhuvaneswari R, Indhu M, Subramanian G, Dhandapani R. 2014. Survey of ethnobotanical observation on wild tuberous medicinal plants of Kollihills, Namakkal district, Tamilnadu. J Med Plants Studies, 2 (4): 50-58
Permatasari M, Pitoyo A, Suratman. 2014.. The diversity of foot yam (Amorphophallus campanulatus) in the ex-residency area of Surakarta based on morphological, anatomical, and isozyme banding patterns. Bioteknologi 11 (1):11-18. [Indonesian]
Prapti. 2004. Guidelines for collecting flora diversity data Eds: Rugayah, Widjaja EA, Prapti. Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bogor. [Indonesia]
Ramanathan R, Bhuvaneswari R, Indhu M, Subramanian G, Dhandapani R. 2014. Survey of ethnobotanical observation on wild tuberous medicinal plants of Kollihills, Namakkal district, Tamilnadu. J Med Plants Studies, 2 (4): 50-58
Ravi V, Ravindran CS, Suja G, George J, Nedunchezhiyan M, Byju G, Naskar SK. 2011. Crop physiology of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson). Adv Hort Sci 25 (1): 51-63
Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 37 of 2012 concerning Watershed Management
Sahoo B, Nedunchezhiyan M, Acharyya P. 2016. Yield potential and economics of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) as influenced by fertility levels, light interception, and soil resistance. Indian Agri 60 (1): 65-69
Santosa E, Mine Y, Nakata M, Lian C, Sugiyama N. 2010. Genetic diversity of cultivated elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) in Kuningan, West Java as revealed by microsatellite markers. J Applied Horticulture 12 (2): 125-128
Santosa E, Susila AD, Lontoh AP, Noguchi A, Takahata K, Sugiyama N. 2015. NPK fertilizers for elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) intercropped with coffe trees. J Agron Indonesia, 43 (3): 257-263
Santosa E, Lian CL, Sugiyama N, Misra RS, Boonkorkaew P, Thanomchit K. 2017. Population structure of elephant foot yams (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) in Asia. Plos One: 1-18
Sekhar L, Thomas CG, Sindhu PV. 2017. Weed management in elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicholson). J Tropical Agri 55 (1): 76-80
Septiani D, Hendrawan Y, Yulianingsih R. 2015. Physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics test of Amorphophallus campanulatus B. flour as an alternative food. J Bioproses Komoditas Tropis 3 (1): 11-18 [Indonesia]
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