Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ndmmz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-03T01:28:36.765Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Preparation of a Kaolinite-Polyacrylamide Intercalation Compound

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Yoshiyuki Sugahara ,
Shigeo Satokawa ,
Kazuyuki Kuroda  and
Chuzo Kato
Yoshiyuki Sugahara
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Ohkubo 3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169 Japan
Shigeo Satokawa
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Ohkubo 3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169 Japan
Kazuyuki Kuroda
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Ohkubo 3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169 Japan
Chuzo Kato
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Ohkubo 3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169 Japan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Acrylamide has been polymerized between the layers of kaolinite by heat treatment. Acrylamide monomer was first intercalated by the displacement reaction between a kaolinite-N-methylformamide (NMF) intercalation compound and a 10% acrylamide aqueous solution. The resulting intercalation compound showed a basal spacing of 11.3 Å. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with cross polarization and magic angle spinning (13C CP/MAS-NMR) indicated the replacement of NMF by acrylamide. IR spectroscopy also showed the formation of hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyls of kaolinite. When the kaolinite-acrylamide intercalation compound was heated at 300°C for 1 hr, the basal spacing increased to 11.4 Å, and IR and 13C CP/MAS-NMR showed the disappearance of C=C bonds, indicating the polymerization of acrylamide. The heat-treated kaolinite-acrylamide intercalation compound was resistant to 30 min-washing with water, whereas the untreated kaolinite-acrylamide intercalation compound collapsed after the same treatment, an observation consistent with acrylamide polymerization between the layers of kaolinite. IR spectroscopy revealed that polyacrylamide was hydrogen bonded to kaolinite, but in a manner different from the hydrogen bonding of acrylamide.

Keywords

AcrylamideInfrared spectroscopyIntercalationKaoliniteNuclear magnetic resonancePolymerizationThermal treatment
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 38 , Issue 2 , April 1990 , pp. 137 - 143
Copyright
Copyright © 1990, The Clay Minerals Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, J. M., Reid, P. I., Thomas, J. M. and Walters, M. J., 1976 On the hydrogen atom positions in a kaolinite: formamide intercalate Clays & Clay Minerals 24 267 – 269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, J. M., 1978 Differential scanning calorimetric study of the kaolinite: N-methylformamide intercalate Clays & Clay Minerals 26 169 – 172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, J. M., 1978 Unifying features relating to the 3D structures of some intercalates of kaolinite Clays & Clay Minerals 26 291 – 295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, E. L. and Davis, H. S., 1957 Acrylamide. Its preparation and properties J. Appl. Chem. 7 671 – 676.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cruz, M., Laycock, A., White, J. L. and Heller, L., 1969 Perturbation of OH groups in intercalated kaolinite donor-acceptor complexes. I. Formamide-, methyl formamide-, and dimethyl formamide-kaolinite complexes Proc. Int. Clay Conf., Tokyo, 1969, Vol. 1 Jerusalem Israel Univ. Press 775 – 789.Google Scholar
Jonathan, N., 1961 The infrared and raman spectra and structure of acrylamide J. Mol. Spectrosc. 6 205 – 214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ledoux, R. L. and White, J. L., 1966 Infrared studies of hydrogen bonding interaction between kaolinite surfaces and intercalated potassium acetate, hydrazine, formamide, and urea J. Colloid Interface Sci. 21 127 – 152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olejnik, S., Posner, A. M. and Quirk, J. P., 1970 The intercalation of polar organic compounds into kaolinite Clay Miner. 8 421 – 434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olejnik, S., Posner, A. M. and Quirk, J. P., 1971 The i.r. spectra of interlamellar kaolinite-amide complexes—I. The complexes of formamide, N-methylformamide and di-methylformamide Clays & Clay Minerals 19 83 – 94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olejnik, S., Posner, A. M. and Quirk, J. P., 1971 The infrared spectra of interlamellar kaolinite-amide complexes II. Acetamide, N-methylacetamide and dimethylacetam-ide J. Colloid Interface Sci. 37 536 – 547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schulz, R., Renner, G., Henglein, A. and Kern, W., 1954 Untersuchungen über die Radikalpolymerisation von Ac-rylamid Makromol. Chem. 12 20 – 34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugahara, Y., Kitano, S., Satokawa, S., Kuroda, K. and Kato, C., 1986 Synthesis of kaolinite-lactam intercalation compounds Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 59 2607 – 2610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugahara, Y., Satokawa, S., Kuroda, K. and Kato, C., 1988 Evidence for the formation of interlayer polyacrylonitrile in kaolinite Clays & Clay Minerals 36 343 – 348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Theng, B. K. G., 1974 The Chemistry of Clay-Organic Reactions London Adam Hilger 243 – 260.Google Scholar
Theng, B. K. G., 1979 Formation and Properties of Clay-Polymer Complexes Amsterdam Elsevier 123 – 147.Google Scholar
Thompson, J. G., 1985 Interpretation of solid state 13C and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of kaolinite intercalates Clays & Clay Minerals 33 173 – 180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, J. G. and Barron, P. F., 1987 Further consideration of the 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of kaolinite Clays & Clay Minerals 35 38 – 42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, A., Thielepape, W., Göring, G., Ritter, W., Schäfer, H., Rosenqvist, I. Th. and Graff-Petersen, P., 1963 Kaolinit-Einlagerungs-Verbindungen Proc. Int. Clay. Conf. Stockholm, 1963, Vol. 1 Oxford Pergamon Press 287 – 305.Google Scholar
Weiss, A., Thielepape, W., Orth, H., Heller, L. and Weiss, A., 1966 Neue Ka-olinit-Einlagerungsverbindungen Proc. Int. Clay Conf. Jerusalem, 1966, Vol. 1 277 – 293.Google Scholar