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Interlaboratory CEC and Exchangeable Cation Study of Bentonite Buffer Materials: I. Cu(II)-Triethylenetetramine Method

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Reiner Dohrmann ,
Dieter Genske ,
Ola Karnland ,
Stephan Kaufhold ,
Leena Kiviranta ,
Siv Olsson ,
Michael Plötze ,
Torbjörn Sandén ,
Patrik Sellin  and
Daniel Svensson
...Show all authors
Reiner Dohrmann*
Affiliation:
Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie (LBEG), Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany
Dieter Genske
Affiliation:
S&B Industrial Minerals GmbH, Schmielenfeldstrasse 78, D-45772 Marl, Germany
Ola Karnland
Affiliation:
Clay Technology AB, IDEON Research Center, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden
Stephan Kaufhold
Affiliation:
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany
Leena Kiviranta
Affiliation:
B+Tech Oy, Laulukuja 4, FI-00420 Helsinki, Finland
Siv Olsson
Affiliation:
Clay Technology AB, IDEON Research Center, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden
Michael Plötze
Affiliation:
ETH Zürich, Institute for Geotechnical Engineering, ClayLab, Schafmattstrasse 6, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
Torbjörn Sandén
Affiliation:
Clay Technology AB, IDEON Research Center, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden
Patrik Sellin
Affiliation:
Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co (SKB), Pl 300, SE-57295 Figeholm, Sweden
Daniel Svensson
Affiliation:
Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co (SKB), Box 929, SE-57229, Oskarshamn, Sweden
Martin Valter
Affiliation:
ETH Zürich, Institute for Geotechnical Engineering, ClayLab, Schafmattstrasse 6, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: reiner.dohrmann@lbeg.niedersachsen.de
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Abstract

Bentonites are candidate materials for encapsulation of radioactive waste. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) has proved to be one of the most sensitive parameters for detecting changes of mineral properties such as swelling capacity and illitization in alteration experiments. Whether measured differences in CEC values of bentonite buffer samples before and after an experiment are (1) actual differences caused by clay structural changes such as illitization or (2) simply data scatter due to the different methods used by international research teams is an open question. The aim of this study was to measure the CEC of clay samples in five different laboratories using the same method and to evaluate the precision of the values measured. The Cu-trien method and four reference materials of the Alternative Buffer Material (ABM) test project in Äspö, Sweden, were chosen for this interlaboratory study. The precision of the Cu-trien method, which uses visible spectroscopy, was very good with a standard deviation of ±0.7–2.1 meq/100 g for CECs that ranged from 11 to 87 meq/100 g. For the same CEC range, analysis of Cu-trien index cations using inductively coupled plasma (mass spectrometry) and atomic absorption spectroscopy were less precise with a standard deviation of ±2.8–3.9 meq/100 g. Based on the measured precision, greater measured differences in Cu-trien CEC and exchangeable cation values of bentonite buffer samples, before and after an experiment, might be actual differences. Great care must be taken when interpreting measured CEC differences, and analytical characterization of any structural changes may be needed. Compared with results from the ‘International Soil-Analytical Exchange’ (iSE) program for soils, most absolute concentrations were much larger for the clays studied; however, for the two parameters exchangeable Ca2+ and CEC the range was similar to the iSE ring test and, most importantly, the precision was comparable. Future studies should discuss the accuracy of CEC and exchangeable cation values and compare them to alternative CEC methods in which care is taken to prevent dissolution of soluble minerals, such as calcite and gypsum.

Keywords

Bentonite BufferCECCu-trienExchangeable CationsInterlaboratory Study
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 60 , Issue 2 , April 2012 , pp. 162 - 175
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2012

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