Abstract
This paper focuses on major phosphate-based ceramic materials relevant for the immobilisation of Pu, minor actinides, fission and activation products. Key points addressed include the recent progress regarding synthesis methods, the formation of solid solutions by structural incorporation of actinides or their non-radioactive surrogates and waste form fabrication by advanced sintering techniques. Particular attention is paid to the properties that govern the long-term stability of the waste forms under conditions relevant to geological disposal. The paper highlights the benefits gained from synergies of state-of-the-art experimental approaches and advanced atomistic modeling tools for addressing properties and stability of f-element-bearing phosphate materials. In conclusion, this article provides a perspective on the recent advancements in the understanding of phosphate based ceramics and their properties with respect to their application as nuclear waste forms.
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); grant no.: 02NUK021A. The authors thank the JARA-HPC (Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, Section High Performance Computing) for computing time at the RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH computing resources. Yulia Arinicheva thanks HITEC – the Graduate School in Energy and Climate Research at the Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany for financial support to her PhD thesis. Eike Langer from Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (IEK-6) is gratefully thanked for support of figures preparation.
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