Abstract
Banana peel (BP) is an agrowaste produced in large volumes annually, especially by food-processing industries; however, its disposal is of significant concern. However, recent research suggests that BP is a valuable source of bioactive compounds, which can be converted into value-added products. This article reviews the conversion process of value-added products from BP and provides an outline on the chemical composition of BP and its possible applications. In addition, we also discuss the utilization of BP as a substrate to produce animal feed, biofertilizer, dietary fibers, clean energy, industrial enzymes, as well as its use in the synthesis of nanomaterials. Based on the research conducted so far, it is obvious that BP has a wide variety of applications, and thus, developing a biorefinery approach to adequately utilize BP will help realize its economic benefits to the fullest. Based on the valorization of BP, a scheme for BP biorefinery has been proposed. A material balance for BP biorefinery for 1-ton bone-dry BP is presented and our results show that 432 kg of protein or 170 kg of citric acid, 170 kg of pectin, 325 m3 of ethanol, and 220 m3 of methane can be produced.
About the authors
Pranav D. Pathak is presently working as a research scholar at Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, India. His research interests include biorefinery, adsorptive separation, and use of biomass for wastewater treatment. He received his undergraduate and postgraduate degrees from Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, India. He has attended several national and international conferences.
Sachin A. Mandavgane is an associate professor in the Chemical Engineering Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, India. He received his undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral degrees from Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, India. His research interests include biorefinery, adsorptive separation, solid waste utilization, use of biomass for different applications, Indian traditional knowledge, and engineering education. His teaching interests include use of social media for teaching, undergraduate research, and bridge building between school and engineering students.
Bhaskar D. Kulkarni is presently working as a CSIR-distinguished scientist, Engineering Sciences, at CSIR–National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India. His research interests include math modeling and simulations of chemical reactions and reactors, including biological systems and processing and use of biomass for different applications. He has published over 325 publications in international journals and has several patents to his credit. Dr. Kulkarni has guided over 65 students for their doctoral thesis. He is a fellow of national academics in India and also a fellow of the Third-World Academy of Sciences.
Acknowledgments:
The authors express their sincere gratitude to the Department of Science and Technology, India, for funding the research activity (SB/S3/CE/077/2013). BDK acknowledges the support from Indian National Science Academy. The authors acknowledge suggestions and comments by anonymous reviewers to improve the manuscript. Authors thank Dr. Pradip Dhamole for his valuable suggestions during material balance of biorefinery. The authors acknowledge assistance by undergraduates Ashutosh Bhagwat and Ankit Babde during summer internship in literature collection. We would like to thank K. Anand Kumar for editing of this paper.
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