Abstract
By consideration of superconducting compounds, whose chemical bond nature is known or can be derived with some certainty, it is shown that superconductivity only occurs, if valency electrons of a band can move in at least one space direction without intersecting any nodal surfaces. This applies both for metallic substances and for semiconductors. The following examples are discussed:
1. Metallic and semiconducting compounds composed of elements of the main groups and having a lattice similar to that of NaCl.
2. Nb- and Ta-chalcogenides with MoS2-structure.
3. The clathrate-compound [Ag7O8]+X-.
4. LaC2 with CaC2-structure.
5. Metallic and semiconducting perovskites.
6. Spinels and interstitial compounds with NaCl-structure.
7. Pyrites.
8. Some metals and their alloys.
In the case of s-electrons, this condition is fulfilled for all space directions, in the case of <5-bonds only along the intersecting line of the two nodal planes. A “δ”-bond is often - especially in an NaCl-type lattice - associated with a translation perpendicular to this intersecting line (in the NaCl-type lattice a translation by a/2) and a rotation by 90°. In such a “δt”-bond system the four segments of a dt2g-electron belong to four adjacent canals of quadratic cross-section (in the NaCl-type lattice the side length is a/2) which are not intersected by nodal surfaces. Only electrons fulfilling the condition indicated above can be considered as “free electrons”.
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