Abstract
Microwave enhanced gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were synthesized using gum Arabic as both reducing and stabilizing agents. Response surface methodology was applied to study effects of the Au NPs synthesized parameters, namely, microwave exposure time (90–180 s) and the amount of AgNO3 solution (1–10 mL) on the mean particle size, mixture solution color and concentration of the synthesized Au NPs. The colloidal solution containing well-dispersed and spherical fabricated Au NPs with mean particle size (22 nm) and maximum concentration (159 ppm) and color (1.12 absorbance unit, a.u.), were obtained at the optimal synthesis conditions, using 8.17 mL of HAuCl4 (1 mM) and 2 mL of gum Arabic solution (4% w/v) during microwave exposure time of 180 s. The physico-chemical properties of the synthesized Au NPs at obtained optimum synthesis conditions were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the Iran Nanotechnology Initiatives Council (INIC) for funding the development of an innovative methodology for safety assessment of industrial nanomaterials (grant no. 84465).
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
References
1. R. A. Alvarez, M. Cortez-Valadez, L. O. N. Bueno, R. B. Hurtado, O. Rocha-Rocha, Y. Delgado-Beleño, C. Martinez-Nuñez, L. I. Serrano-Corrales, H. Arizpe-Chávez, M. Flores-Acosta, Physica E Low Dimens. Sys. Nanostruct. 84 (2016) 191.10.1016/j.physe.2016.04.024Search in Google Scholar
2. V. V. Mody, R. Siwale, A. Singh, H. R. Mody, J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci. 2 (2010) 282.10.4103/0975-7406.72127Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
3. A. G. Rad, H. Abbasi, M. H. Afzali, Phys. Procedia. 22 (2011) 203.10.1016/j.phpro.2011.11.032Search in Google Scholar
4. M. C. Edmundson, M. Capeness, L. Horsfall, New Biotechnol. 31 (2014) 572.10.1016/j.nbt.2014.03.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed
5. Y. Huang, Y. Fang, L. Chen, A. Lu, L. Zhang, Chem. Eng. J. 315 (2017) 573.10.1016/j.cej.2017.01.065Search in Google Scholar
6. S. Patra, S. Mukherjee, A. K. Barui, A. Ganguly, B. Sreedhar, C. R. Patra, Mater. Sci. Eng. 53 (2015) 298.10.1016/j.msec.2015.04.048Search in Google Scholar PubMed
7. M. Eskandari-Nojehdehi, H. Jafarizadeh-Malmiri, J. Rahbar-Shahrouzi, Nanotechnol. Rev. 5 (2016) 537.10.1515/ntrev-2016-0064Search in Google Scholar
8. C. C. Wu, D. H. Chen, Gold Bull. 43 (2010) 234.10.1007/BF03214993Search in Google Scholar
9. S. L. Favaro, F. de Oliveira, A. V. Reis, M. R. Guilherme, E. C. Muniz, E. B. Tambourgi, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 107 (2008) 1500.10.1002/app.27140Search in Google Scholar
10. K. Krishnaswamy, H. Vali, V. Orsat, J. Food Eng. 142 (2014) 210.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.06.014Search in Google Scholar
11. A. Pestov, A. Nazirov, Y. Privar, E. Modin, S. Bratskaya, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 91 (2016) 457.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.102Search in Google Scholar PubMed
12. V. V. D. Padil, S. Waclawek, M. Cernik, Ecol. Chem. Eng. 23 (2016) 533.Search in Google Scholar
13. X. Tong, Y. Zhao, T. Huang, H. Liu, K. Y. Liew, Appl. Surf. Sci. 255 (2009) 9463.10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.07.059Search in Google Scholar
14. C. Vollmer, E. Redel, K. Abu-Shandi, R. Thomann, H. Manyar, C. Hardacre, C Janiak, Chemistry 16 (2010) 3849.Search in Google Scholar
15. X. Huang, M. A. El-Sayed, J. Adv. Res. 1 (2010) 13.10.1016/j.jare.2010.02.002Search in Google Scholar
16. M. Eskandari-Nojehdehi, H. Jafarizadeh-Malmiri, J. Rahbar-Shahrouzi, Green Process. Synth. (2017) doi: 10.1515/gps-2017-0004. [Epub ahead of print].10.1515/gps-2017-0004Search in Google Scholar
17. N. Jafari, H. Jafarizadeh-Malmiri, M. Hamzeh-Mivehroud, M. Adibpour, Green Process. Synth. 6 (2017) 333.10.1515/gps-2016-0145Search in Google Scholar
18. N. Anarjan, H. Jafarizadeh-Malmiri, I. A. Nehdi, H. M. Sbihi, S. I. Al-Resayes, C. P. Tan, Int. J. Nanotechnol. Nanomed. 10 (2015) 1108.Search in Google Scholar
19. O. Ahmadi, H. Jafarizadeh-Malmiri, N. Jodeiri, Green Process. Synth. (2017) doi: 10.1515/gps-2017-0039. [Epub ahead of print].10.1515/gps-2017-0039Search in Google Scholar
20. M. Mohammadlou, H. Jafarizadeh-Malmiri, H. Maghsoudi, Green Process. Synth. 6 (2017) 31.10.1515/gps-2016-0075Search in Google Scholar
21. A. K. Mittal, Y. Chisti, U. C. Banerjee, Biotechnol. Adv. 31 (2013) 346.10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.01.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed
22. D. M. El Sheikh, J. Am. Sci. 10 (2014) 18.Search in Google Scholar
23. P. Binsi, N. Natasha, P. Sarkar, P.M. Ashraf, N. George, C. Ravishankar, Food Chem. 221 (2017) 1698.10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.116Search in Google Scholar PubMed
24. R. M. Daoub, A. H. Elmubarak, M. Misran, E. A. Hassan, M. E. Osman, J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci (2016) doi: 10.1016/j.jssas.2016.05.002. [Epub ahead of print].10.1016/j.jssas.2016.05.002Search in Google Scholar
25. T. I. Shalaby, R. S. S. El-Dine, S. A. A. El-Gaber, Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 5 (2015) 89.Search in Google Scholar
26. V. K. T. Ngo, H. P. U. Nguyen, T. P. Huynh, N. N. P. Tran, Q. V. Lam, T. D. Huynh, Adv. Nat. Sci. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 6 (2015) 035015.10.1088/2043-6262/6/3/035015Search in Google Scholar
27. R. K. Das, P. J. Babu, N. Gogoi, P. Sharma, U. Bora, ISRN Nanomater. 2012 (2012) 650759.10.5402/2012/650759Search in Google Scholar
28. M. Mohammadlou, H. Maghsoudi, H. Jafarizadeh-Malmiri, Int. Food Res. J. 23 (2016) 446.Search in Google Scholar
29. M. Winterer (Ed.), Nanocrystalline Ceramics: Synthesis and Structure, Volume 53, Springer Science & Business Media, New York (2013), P. 263.Search in Google Scholar
30. S. Bhattacharjee, J. Control Release 235 (2016) 337.10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.017Search in Google Scholar PubMed
31. M. E. El-Naggar, T. I. Shaheen, M. M. Fouda, A. A. Hebeish, Carbohydr. Polym. 136 (2016) 1128.10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed
32. S. K. Boruah, P. K. Boruah, P. Sarma, C. Medhi, O. K. Medhi, Adv. Mat. Lett. 3 (2012) 481.10.5185/amlett.2012.icnano.103Search in Google Scholar
33. J. Djajadisastra, P. Purnamasari, A. Pujiyanto, Int. J Biol. Pharm. Applied Sci. 6 (2014) 462.Search in Google Scholar
34. R. Bhat, V. Sharanabasava, R. Deshpande, U. Shetti, G. Sanjeev, A. Venkataraman, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 125 (2013) 63.10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.05.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed
©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston